(a)
Interpretation:
An expression for an output voltage in terms of the resistances and three input voltages and is to be determined for the given circuit.
Concept introduction:
Based on the given circuit, we have two inverting summing amplifier configuration.
Generally, the output of an inverting summing amplifier for two inputs is given by,
We can use this general expression to obtain the specific output voltage at first stage and then using which the final output can be found.
(b)
Interpretation:
The mathematical operation which is performed by the circuit for the given values is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The expression for the output has been obtained in part (a). In this expression, we need to substitute the values of the resistances so that the nature of operation performed by the circuit can be analyzed.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 3 Solutions
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
- The classical dissociation constant of propionic acid, C2H5CO2H, is 1.34 x10-5 moldm-3 at 250C and the limiting molar conductivities at zero concentration of hydrogen and propionate ions are 349.8 and 35.8 ohm-1 cm2 mol-1 respectively. Calculation of the resistivity of 0.100 M solution of propionic acid.arrow_forwardSuppose the concentration of a solute decays linearly along the length of a container according to c(x) = c0 - αc0x, where c0 is the concentration at x = 0. Calculate the thermodynamic force on the solute at 25 °C and at x = 10 cm and 20 cm given that the concentration falls to 1/2c0 when x = 10 cm. Hint: Start by finding the value of α.arrow_forwardThe resistance of a conductivity cell containing a 0.01 mol KCl solution cm-3 is 150 Ω and the conductivity of this KCl solution is 1.41 × 10-3 Ω-1 cm-1. The same conductivity cell resulting in a resistance of 51.40 Ω for 0.01 HCl solution mol cm-3. Calculate a cell constant and conductivity of the HCl solution.arrow_forward
- What is the value of C_p for Cl_2, vapor using the full statistical theory at 298 K. v_0 = 559.7 cm^-1arrow_forwardSuppose the concentration of a solute varies along the length of a container according to c(x) = c0 - βc0x2, where c0 is the concentration at x = 0. Calculate the thermodynamic force on the solute at 25 °C and x = 8 cm and 16 cm given that the concentration falls to 1/2c0 when x = 15 cm. Hint: Start by finding the value of β.arrow_forwardCalculate the energy cost of an electroplating process running at 0.65 V and 48.9 A for 3149 s considering a cost of PhP52.96 per kWh? Round your answer to 2 decimal places.arrow_forward
- Kindly answer no iii, iv & varrow_forwardP1B.1 A rotating slotted-disc apparatus consists of five coaxial 5.0 cm diameter discs separated by 1.0 cm, the radial slots being displaced by 2.0° between neighbours. The relative intensities, I, of the detected beam of Kr atoms for two different temperatures and at a series of rotation rates were as follows: v/Hz 20 40 80 100 120 I (40 K) 0.846 0.513 0.069 0.015 0.002 I (100 K) 0.592 0.485 0.217 0.119 0.057 Find the distributions of molecular velocities, f(v,), at these temperatures, and check that they conform to the theoretical prediction for a one-dimensional system for this low-pressure, collision-free system.arrow_forwardA2 A steel wire of diameter 4 mm has a breaking strength of 4x10' N. What will the breaking strength of a similar steel wire of diameter 2 mm be? (i) A 445,000 N load is placed on top of a steel column 3.05 m long and 10.2 cm in diameter. What is the compression (change in length) of the column if the Young's modulus for the steel is 22 x 1010 N/m22 (i1)arrow_forward
- Kindly answer no i, ii & iiiarrow_forwardThe pharmacist attempts to weigh 80mg of sodium carbonate on a balance having a sensitivity requirement of 4mg. Calculate the maximum potential error in terms of percentage.arrow_forwardwrite a summary of each of the techniques for measuring vacancyconcentrations, noted therein. (1) Measurements of the quenched-in residual electricalresistivity of aluminium rapidly cooled from temperatures be-low about 800 K with initial quenching rates of 2 × 106 K s−1give the enthalpy of formation of monovacancies H F1V =(0.65 ± 0.01) eV.(2) Comparison of the quenching data with high-temperature differential-dilatometry data gives the monova-cancy formation entropy SF1V = (0.76 ± 0.4)kB (kB =Boltzmann’s constant) and the low-temperature resistivity perunit concentration of vacancies ρ1V = (1.9 ± 0.1) μm.(3) The binding enthalpy of divacancies in Al is H B2V =(0.17 5 ± 0.02 5) eV. This is in agreement with earlier ex-perimental determinations by Doyama and Koehler 48) and byLevy et al. 49, 50) but in marked contrast to the claim of Carlinget al., 23) based on computations with the generalized gradi-ent approximation, that in Al H B2V is zero or even negativeand therefore the…arrow_forward
- Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning