What two functional groups are bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer? a. an R-group and a hydroxyl group b. an N–H group and a carbonyl group c. an amino group and a hydroxyl group d. an amino group and a carboxyl group

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1TYK

What two functional groups are bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer?

a. an R-group and a hydroxyl group

b. an N–H group and a carbonyl group

c. an amino group and a hydroxyl group

d. an amino group and a carboxyl group

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The amino acid is the basic structural unit of the proteins. There are total 20 amino acids found in the living system. At isoelectric point (pH or potential of hydrogen), an amino acid does not have any net charge. The basic structure of amino acids is shown below:

Biological Science (6th Edition), Chapter 3, Problem 1TYK

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

An amino group and a carboxyl group

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (d) is given as a carboxyl group along with an amino group. Functional groups of amino acids are responsible for bonding between two amino acids. The polypeptide chain consists of several amino acids. When a peptide bond is formed, a hydroxyl (–OH) group is lost from the carboxyl group of an amino acid and an H (hydrogen atom) from the amino group of another amino acid is also lost. This dehydration (loss of one H₂O molecule) reaction results in a peptide bond. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as an R- group and a hydroxyl group. R group or side chain decides the identity of an amino acid, for example, glycine, which is the simplest amino acid, has a hydrogen atom as its R group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given as an N-H group and a carbonyl group. Any functional group, which has an O (oxygen) atom attached to the C (carbon) atom through double bond (-C=O) is called carbonyl group. COOH (carboxylic acid) is also a type of the carbonyl group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as an amino group and a hydroxyl group. The carboxylic acid of the amino acid contains one hydroxyl group, which gets lost when the amino acid undergoes peptide bond formation with an amino group of another amino acid. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.

Conclusion

The amino group and a carboxyl group are functional groups bounded to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer.

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Imagine that you are a clinical geneticist. Your colleague is an oncologist who wants your help explaining the basics of genetics to their patient, who will be undergoing genetic testing in the coming weeks for possible acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induced by the radiation she had several years ago for breast cancer. Write a 1,050- to 1,225-word memo to your colleague. Include the following in your memo: An explanation of the molecular structure of DNA and RNA, highlighting both similarities and differences A description of the processes of transcription and translation An explanation of the differences between leading and lagging strands and how the DNA is replicated in each strand Reponses to the following common questions patients might ask about this type of genetic testing and genetic disorder: Does AML run in families? What genes are tested for?

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: What are some potential consequences that could result if the processes of replication, transcription, and translation don’t function correctly? Provide an example of how you might explain these consequences in terms that patients might understand.

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1TYK

What two functional groups are bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer?

a. an R-group and a hydroxyl group

b. an N–H group and a carbonyl group

c. an amino group and a hydroxyl group

d. an amino group and a carboxyl group

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The amino acid is the basic structural unit of the proteins. There are total 20 amino acids found in the living system. At isoelectric point (pH or potential of hydrogen), an amino acid does not have any net charge. The basic structure of amino acids is shown below:

Biological Science (6th Edition), Chapter 3, Problem 1TYK

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

An amino group and a carboxyl group

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (d) is given as a carboxyl group along with an amino group. Functional groups of amino acids are responsible for bonding between two amino acids. The polypeptide chain consists of several amino acids. When a peptide bond is formed, a hydroxyl (–OH) group is lost from the carboxyl group of an amino acid and an H (hydrogen atom) from the amino group of another amino acid is also lost. This dehydration (loss of one H₂O molecule) reaction results in a peptide bond. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as an R- group and a hydroxyl group. R group or side chain decides the identity of an amino acid, for example, glycine, which is the simplest amino acid, has a hydrogen atom as its R group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given as an N-H group and a carbonyl group. Any functional group, which has an O (oxygen) atom attached to the C (carbon) atom through double bond (-C=O) is called carbonyl group. COOH (carboxylic acid) is also a type of the carbonyl group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as an amino group and a hydroxyl group. The carboxylic acid of the amino acid contains one hydroxyl group, which gets lost when the amino acid undergoes peptide bond formation with an amino group of another amino acid. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.

Conclusion

The amino group and a carboxyl group are functional groups bounded to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1TYK

What two functional groups are bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer?

a. an R-group and a hydroxyl group

b. an N–H group and a carbonyl group

c. an amino group and a hydroxyl group

d. an amino group and a carboxyl group

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The amino acid is the basic structural unit of the proteins. There are total 20 amino acids found in the living system. At isoelectric point (pH or potential of hydrogen), an amino acid does not have any net charge. The basic structure of amino acids is shown below:

Biological Science (6th Edition), Chapter 3, Problem 1TYK

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

An amino group and a carboxyl group

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (d) is given as a carboxyl group along with an amino group. Functional groups of amino acids are responsible for bonding between two amino acids. The polypeptide chain consists of several amino acids. When a peptide bond is formed, a hydroxyl (–OH) group is lost from the carboxyl group of an amino acid and an H (hydrogen atom) from the amino group of another amino acid is also lost. This dehydration (loss of one H₂O molecule) reaction results in a peptide bond. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as an R- group and a hydroxyl group. R group or side chain decides the identity of an amino acid, for example, glycine, which is the simplest amino acid, has a hydrogen atom as its R group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given as an N-H group and a carbonyl group. Any functional group, which has an O (oxygen) atom attached to the C (carbon) atom through double bond (-C=O) is called carbonyl group. COOH (carboxylic acid) is also a type of the carbonyl group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as an amino group and a hydroxyl group. The carboxylic acid of the amino acid contains one hydroxyl group, which gets lost when the amino acid undergoes peptide bond formation with an amino group of another amino acid. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.

Conclusion

The amino group and a carboxyl group are functional groups bounded to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1TYK

What two functional groups are bound to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer?

a. an R-group and a hydroxyl group

b. an N–H group and a carbonyl group

c. an amino group and a hydroxyl group

d. an amino group and a carboxyl group

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The amino acid is the basic structural unit of the proteins. There are total 20 amino acids found in the living system. At isoelectric point (pH or potential of hydrogen), an amino acid does not have any net charge. The basic structure of amino acids is shown below:

Biological Science (6th Edition), Chapter 3, Problem 1TYK

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

An amino group and a carboxyl group

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (d) is given as a carboxyl group along with an amino group. Functional groups of amino acids are responsible for bonding between two amino acids. The polypeptide chain consists of several amino acids. When a peptide bond is formed, a hydroxyl (–OH) group is lost from the carboxyl group of an amino acid and an H (hydrogen atom) from the amino group of another amino acid is also lost. This dehydration (loss of one H₂O molecule) reaction results in a peptide bond. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as an R- group and a hydroxyl group. R group or side chain decides the identity of an amino acid, for example, glycine, which is the simplest amino acid, has a hydrogen atom as its R group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given as an N-H group and a carbonyl group. Any functional group, which has an O (oxygen) atom attached to the C (carbon) atom through double bond (-C=O) is called carbonyl group. COOH (carboxylic acid) is also a type of the carbonyl group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as an amino group and a hydroxyl group. The carboxylic acid of the amino acid contains one hydroxyl group, which gets lost when the amino acid undergoes peptide bond formation with an amino group of another amino acid. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.

Conclusion

The amino group and a carboxyl group are functional groups bounded to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The amino acid is the basic structural unit of the proteins. There are total 20 amino acids found in the living system. At isoelectric point (pH or potential of hydrogen), an amino acid does not have any net charge. The basic structure of amino acids is shown below:

Biological Science (6th Edition), Chapter 3, Problem 1TYK

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

An amino group and a carboxyl group

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (d) is given as a carboxyl group along with an amino group. Functional groups of amino acids are responsible for bonding between two amino acids. The polypeptide chain consists of several amino acids. When a peptide bond is formed, a hydroxyl (–OH) group is lost from the carboxyl group of an amino acid and an H (hydrogen atom) from the amino group of another amino acid is also lost. This dehydration (loss of one H₂O molecule) reaction results in a peptide bond. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as an R- group and a hydroxyl group. R group or side chain decides the identity of an amino acid, for example, glycine, which is the simplest amino acid, has a hydrogen atom as its R group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given as an N-H group and a carbonyl group. Any functional group, which has an O (oxygen) atom attached to the C (carbon) atom through double bond (-C=O) is called carbonyl group. COOH (carboxylic acid) is also a type of the carbonyl group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as an amino group and a hydroxyl group. The carboxylic acid of the amino acid contains one hydroxyl group, which gets lost when the amino acid undergoes peptide bond formation with an amino group of another amino acid. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.

Conclusion

The amino group and a carboxyl group are functional groups bounded to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The amino acid is the basic structural unit of the proteins. There are total 20 amino acids found in the living system. At isoelectric point (pH or potential of hydrogen), an amino acid does not have any net charge. The basic structure of amino acids is shown below:

Biological Science (6th Edition), Chapter 3, Problem 1TYK

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

An amino group and a carboxyl group

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (d) is given as a carboxyl group along with an amino group. Functional groups of amino acids are responsible for bonding between two amino acids. The polypeptide chain consists of several amino acids. When a peptide bond is formed, a hydroxyl (–OH) group is lost from the carboxyl group of an amino acid and an H (hydrogen atom) from the amino group of another amino acid is also lost. This dehydration (loss of one H₂O molecule) reaction results in a peptide bond. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as an R- group and a hydroxyl group. R group or side chain decides the identity of an amino acid, for example, glycine, which is the simplest amino acid, has a hydrogen atom as its R group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given as an N-H group and a carbonyl group. Any functional group, which has an O (oxygen) atom attached to the C (carbon) atom through double bond (-C=O) is called carbonyl group. COOH (carboxylic acid) is also a type of the carbonyl group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as an amino group and a hydroxyl group. The carboxylic acid of the amino acid contains one hydroxyl group, which gets lost when the amino acid undergoes peptide bond formation with an amino group of another amino acid. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.

Conclusion

The amino group and a carboxyl group are functional groups bounded to the central carbon of every free amino acid monomer.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

The amino acid is the basic structural unit of the proteins. There are total 20 amino acids found in the living system. At isoelectric point (pH or potential of hydrogen), an amino acid does not have any net charge. The basic structure of amino acids is shown below:

Biological Science (6th Edition), Chapter 3, Problem 1TYK

Answer 12

Answer to Problem 1TYK

Correct answer:

An amino group and a carboxyl group

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/Justification for the correct answer:

Option (d) is given as a carboxyl group along with an amino group. Functional groups of amino acids are responsible for bonding between two amino acids. The polypeptide chain consists of several amino acids. When a peptide bond is formed, a hydroxyl (–OH) group is lost from the carboxyl group of an amino acid and an H (hydrogen atom) from the amino group of another amino acid is also lost. This dehydration (loss of one H₂O molecule) reaction results in a peptide bond. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Explanation for incorrect answers:

Option (a) is given as an R- group and a hydroxyl group. R group or side chain decides the identity of an amino acid, for example, glycine, which is the simplest amino acid, has a hydrogen atom as its R group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (b) is given as an N-H group and a carbonyl group. Any functional group, which has an O (oxygen) atom attached to the C (carbon) atom through double bond (-C=O) is called carbonyl group. COOH (carboxylic acid) is also a type of the carbonyl group. So, it is a wrong answer.

Option (c) is given as an amino group and a hydroxyl group. The carboxylic acid of the amino acid contains one hydroxyl group, which gets lost when the amino acid undergoes peptide bond formation with an amino group of another amino acid. So, it is a wrong answer.

Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.