Explain why problem formulation must follow goal formulation.

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Explain why problem formulation must follow goal formulation.

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Explanation of Solution

Goal formulation and problem formulation:

Goal formulation:
- This is a technique for an agent to conclude which goals need to be achieved.
- The most complicated task during goal formulation is to develop representations for agents to reason about and find out when the new goals need to be formulated due to plan failures or opportunities.
Problem formulation:
- In this technique, the problem is precisely defined and the definition should also comprise of precise specification of the initial situation as well the final situation with acceptable solutions to the problem.
- The major step is to select the best problem-solving technique and apply it to the particular problem.
When it comes to goal formulation, user gets to decide which aspects of the world we are interested in, and which can be ignored or abstracted away.
In problem formulation, it is decided how to manipulate the important aspects.
If the problem formulation is performed before goal formation then it is not possible to know what to include and what to exclude.
There may be a cycle of iterations between goal formulation, problem formulation, and problem solving until one arrives at a sufficiently useful and efficient solution.

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03:09

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Q.1. Architecture performance [10 marks] Answer A certain microprocessor requires either 2, 4, or 6 machine cycles to perform various operations. ⚫ (40+g+f)% require 2 machine cycles, ⚫ (30-g) % require 4 machine cycles, and ⚫ (30-f)% require 6 machine cycles. (a) What is the average number of machine cycles per instruction for this microprocessor? Answer (b) What is the clock rate (machine cycles per second) required for this microprocessor to be a "1000 MIPS" processor? Answer (c) Suppose that 35% of the instructions require retrieving an operand from memory which needs an extra 8 machine cycles. What is the average number of machine cycles per instruction, including the instructions that fetch operands from memory?

Q.2. Architecture performance [25 marks] Consider two different implementations, M1 and M2, of the same instruction set. M1 has a clock rate of 2 GHz and M2 has a clock rate of 3.3 GHz. There are two classes of instructions with the following CPIs: Class A CPI for M1 CPI for M2 2.f 1.g B 5 3 C 6 4 Note that the dots in 2 fand 1.g indicate decimal points and not multiplication. a) What are the peak MIPS performances for both machines? b) Which implementation is faster, if half the instructions executed in a certain program are from class A, while the rest are divided equally among classes B and C. c) What speedup factor for the execution of class-A instructions would lead to 20% overall speedup? d) What is the maximum possible speedup that can be achieved by only improving the execution of class-A instructions? Explain why. e) What is the clock rate required for microprocessor M1 to be a "1000 MIPS" (not peak MIPS) processor?

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Explain why problem formulation must follow goal formulation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Goal formulation and problem formulation:

Goal formulation:
- This is a technique for an agent to conclude which goals need to be achieved.
- The most complicated task during goal formulation is to develop representations for agents to reason about and find out when the new goals need to be formulated due to plan failures or opportunities.
Problem formulation:
- In this technique, the problem is precisely defined and the definition should also comprise of precise specification of the initial situation as well the final situation with acceptable solutions to the problem.
- The major step is to select the best problem-solving technique and apply it to the particular problem.
When it comes to goal formulation, user gets to decide which aspects of the world we are interested in, and which can be ignored or abstracted away.
In problem formulation, it is decided how to manipulate the important aspects.
If the problem formulation is performed before goal formation then it is not possible to know what to include and what to exclude.
There may be a cycle of iterations between goal formulation, problem formulation, and problem solving until one arrives at a sufficiently useful and efficient solution.

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03:09

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Explain why problem formulation must follow goal formulation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Goal formulation and problem formulation:

Goal formulation:
- This is a technique for an agent to conclude which goals need to be achieved.
- The most complicated task during goal formulation is to develop representations for agents to reason about and find out when the new goals need to be formulated due to plan failures or opportunities.
Problem formulation:
- In this technique, the problem is precisely defined and the definition should also comprise of precise specification of the initial situation as well the final situation with acceptable solutions to the problem.
- The major step is to select the best problem-solving technique and apply it to the particular problem.
When it comes to goal formulation, user gets to decide which aspects of the world we are interested in, and which can be ignored or abstracted away.
In problem formulation, it is decided how to manipulate the important aspects.
If the problem formulation is performed before goal formation then it is not possible to know what to include and what to exclude.
There may be a cycle of iterations between goal formulation, problem formulation, and problem solving until one arrives at a sufficiently useful and efficient solution.

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03:09

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Explain why problem formulation must follow goal formulation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Goal formulation and problem formulation:

Goal formulation:
- This is a technique for an agent to conclude which goals need to be achieved.
- The most complicated task during goal formulation is to develop representations for agents to reason about and find out when the new goals need to be formulated due to plan failures or opportunities.
Problem formulation:
- In this technique, the problem is precisely defined and the definition should also comprise of precise specification of the initial situation as well the final situation with acceptable solutions to the problem.
- The major step is to select the best problem-solving technique and apply it to the particular problem.
When it comes to goal formulation, user gets to decide which aspects of the world we are interested in, and which can be ignored or abstracted away.
In problem formulation, it is decided how to manipulate the important aspects.
If the problem formulation is performed before goal formation then it is not possible to know what to include and what to exclude.
There may be a cycle of iterations between goal formulation, problem formulation, and problem solving until one arrives at a sufficiently useful and efficient solution.

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03:09

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Goal formulation and problem formulation:

Goal formulation:
- This is a technique for an agent to conclude which goals need to be achieved.
- The most complicated task during goal formulation is to develop representations for agents to reason about and find out when the new goals need to be formulated due to plan failures or opportunities.
Problem formulation:
- In this technique, the problem is precisely defined and the definition should also comprise of precise specification of the initial situation as well the final situation with acceptable solutions to the problem.
- The major step is to select the best problem-solving technique and apply it to the particular problem.
When it comes to goal formulation, user gets to decide which aspects of the world we are interested in, and which can be ignored or abstracted away.
In problem formulation, it is decided how to manipulate the important aspects.
If the problem formulation is performed before goal formation then it is not possible to know what to include and what to exclude.
There may be a cycle of iterations between goal formulation, problem formulation, and problem solving until one arrives at a sufficiently useful and efficient solution.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Goal formulation and problem formulation:

Goal formulation:
- This is a technique for an agent to conclude which goals need to be achieved.
- The most complicated task during goal formulation is to develop representations for agents to reason about and find out when the new goals need to be formulated due to plan failures or opportunities.
Problem formulation:
- In this technique, the problem is precisely defined and the definition should also comprise of precise specification of the initial situation as well the final situation with acceptable solutions to the problem.
- The major step is to select the best problem-solving technique and apply it to the particular problem.
When it comes to goal formulation, user gets to decide which aspects of the world we are interested in, and which can be ignored or abstracted away.
In problem formulation, it is decided how to manipulate the important aspects.
If the problem formulation is performed before goal formation then it is not possible to know what to include and what to exclude.
There may be a cycle of iterations between goal formulation, problem formulation, and problem solving until one arrives at a sufficiently useful and efficient solution.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Goal formulation and problem formulation:

Goal formulation:
- This is a technique for an agent to conclude which goals need to be achieved.
- The most complicated task during goal formulation is to develop representations for agents to reason about and find out when the new goals need to be formulated due to plan failures or opportunities.
Problem formulation:
- In this technique, the problem is precisely defined and the definition should also comprise of precise specification of the initial situation as well the final situation with acceptable solutions to the problem.
- The major step is to select the best problem-solving technique and apply it to the particular problem.
When it comes to goal formulation, user gets to decide which aspects of the world we are interested in, and which can be ignored or abstracted away.
In problem formulation, it is decided how to manipulate the important aspects.
If the problem formulation is performed before goal formation then it is not possible to know what to include and what to exclude.
There may be a cycle of iterations between goal formulation, problem formulation, and problem solving until one arrives at a sufficiently useful and efficient solution.

Answer 12

Ch. 3 - Explain why problem formulation must follow goal...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2E Ch. 3 - Prob. 3E Ch. 3 - Prob. 4E Ch. 3 - Prob. 5E Ch. 3 - Prob. 6E Ch. 3 - Prob. 8E Ch. 3 - Prob. 9E Ch. 3 - Prob. 10E Ch. 3 - Prob. 11E

Explain why problem formulation must follow goal formulation.

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