The oxidation number for chlorine atom in the given molecules Cl 2 , HOCl, ClO 2 , NH 4 Cl, and NaCl has to be assigned. Concept introduction: Oxidation number: The oxidation number of an element is zero. The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion equals its charge. The oxidation number is zero for the summation of the oxidation numbers complete atoms in a complete formula. The charge on the ion is equal to the summation of the oxidation numbers of complete atoms in poly atomic ion. The oxidation state of alkali metal ( Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs ) is + 1 , and alkaline earth metal is (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) is + 2 . The oxidation state of hydrogen is + 1 (without bonding with metals), the oxidation state of oxygen is − 2 .
The oxidation number for chlorine atom in the given molecules Cl 2 , HOCl, ClO 2 , NH 4 Cl, and NaCl has to be assigned. Concept introduction: Oxidation number: The oxidation number of an element is zero. The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion equals its charge. The oxidation number is zero for the summation of the oxidation numbers complete atoms in a complete formula. The charge on the ion is equal to the summation of the oxidation numbers of complete atoms in poly atomic ion. The oxidation state of alkali metal ( Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs ) is + 1 , and alkaline earth metal is (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) is + 2 . The oxidation state of hydrogen is + 1 (without bonding with metals), the oxidation state of oxygen is − 2 .
Solution Summary: The author explains that the oxidation number of a monoatomic ion equals its charge.
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Chapter 3, Problem 149QRT
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The oxidation number for chlorine atom in the given molecules Cl2, HOCl, ClO2, NH4Cl, and NaCl has to be assigned.
Concept introduction:
Oxidation number:
The oxidation number of an element is zero. The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion equals its charge.
The oxidation number is zero for the summation of the oxidation numbers complete atoms in a complete formula.
The charge on the ion is equal to the summation of the oxidation numbers of complete atoms in poly atomic ion.
The oxidation state of alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) is +1, and alkaline earth metal is (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) is +2.
The oxidation state of hydrogen is +1 (without bonding with metals), the oxidation state of oxygen is −2.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Whether the given Cl2, HOCl, ClO2, NH4Cl, and NaCl compounds are oxidizing agent or reducing agent has to be identified and decreasing order of their oxidizing strengths has been ranked.
Concept introduction:
An oxidizing agent gains the electrons and is reduced in a chemical reaction and it is electron acceptor.
A reducing agent loses electrons and is oxidized in a chemical reaction and it is electron donor. The oxidation state is called as oxidation number, which describes degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Theoretically, the oxidation state is positive, negative or zero.
(f) SO:
Best Lewis Structure
3
e group geometry:_
shape/molecular geometry:,
(g) CF2CF2
Best Lewis Structure
polarity:
e group arrangement:_
shape/molecular geometry:
(h) (NH4)2SO4
Best Lewis Structure
polarity:
e group arrangement:
shape/molecular geometry:
polarity:
Sketch (with angles):
Sketch (with angles):
Sketch (with angles):
1.
Problem Set 3b
Chem 141
For each of the following compounds draw the BEST Lewis Structure then sketch the molecule (showing
bond angles). Identify (i) electron group geometry (ii) shape around EACH central atom (iii) whether the
molecule is polar or non-polar (iv)
(a) SeF4
Best Lewis Structure
e group arrangement:_
shape/molecular geometry:
polarity:
(b) AsOBr3
Best Lewis Structure
e group arrangement:_
shape/molecular geometry:
polarity:
Sketch (with angles):
Sketch (with angles):
(c) SOCI
Best Lewis Structure
2
e group arrangement:
shape/molecular geometry:_
(d) PCls
Best Lewis Structure
polarity:
e group geometry:_
shape/molecular geometry:_
(e) Ba(BrO2):
Best Lewis Structure
polarity:
e group arrangement:
shape/molecular geometry:
polarity:
Sketch (with angles):
Sketch (with angles):
Sketch (with angles):
Chapter 3 Solutions
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