Organic Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580350
Author: William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 29, Problem 29.24P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Experimental determination of type of
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Use mechanisms to show how monomers polymerize under acidic, basic, orfree-radical conditions. For chain-growth polymerization, determine whether the reactive end is more stable as a cation (acidic conditions), anion (basic conditions), or free radical (radical initiator). For step-growth polymerization, consider the mechanism of the condensation.
Chapter 29 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 29.2 - Prob. 29.1PCh. 29.5 - Prob. 29.2PCh. 29.6 - Prob. AQCh. 29.6 - Prob. BQCh. 29.6 - Prob. CQCh. 29.6 - Prob. DQCh. 29.6 - Prob. EQCh. 29.6 - Prob. FQCh. 29.6 - Prob. 29.3PCh. 29.6 - Prob. 29.4P
Ch. 29 - Prob. 29.5PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.6PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.7PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.8PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.9PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.10PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.11PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.12PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.13PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.14PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.15PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.16PCh. 29 - Polycarbonates (Section 29.5C) are also formed by...Ch. 29 - Prob. 29.18PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.19PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.20PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.21PCh. 29 - Draw a structural formula of the polymer resulting...Ch. 29 - Prob. 29.23PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.24PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.25PCh. 29 - Select the monomer in each pair that is more...Ch. 29 - Prob. 29.27PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.28PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.29PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.30PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.31PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.32PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.33PCh. 29 - Radical polymerization of styrene gives a linear...Ch. 29 - Prob. 29.35PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.36PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.37PCh. 29 - Prob. 29.38P
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- Show the chain reaction (initiation ,propagation and termination) step in a polymer known as PMMA .arrow_forwardWhich one of the following initiators can be used for free radical chain-growth polymerization? a) benzoyl peroxide b) BF3 c) CH3CH2CH2CH2Li d) Al(CH2CH3)3, TiCl4arrow_forwardMethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate react with radical initiators (R•) as shown here. The difference in their reactivities in free radical polymerizations is dramatic. For example, methyl acrylate is less reactive with radicals than methyl methacrylate, but free radicals formed from methyl acrylate are more reactive than those formed from methyl methacrylate. In other words, C is more reactive than A, and B is more reactive than D. Explain these observations. Hint: Draw an energy diagram H H R• R-C C• H c=0 H CH3 CH3 Methyl acrylate for the two reactions. H CH3 CH3 R• + R-C C• H c=0 H. CH3 CH3 Methyl methacrylatearrow_forward
- into the book. Write a concise definition of each, using examples as appropriate.arrow_forwardAlthough styrene undergoes both cationic and anionic polymerization equally well, one method is often preferred with substituted styrenes.Which method is preferred with each compound? Explain.arrow_forwardMonomers/initators used in free radical polymerization i) What monomer can be used with benzoyl peroxide and under what conditions? ii) What monomer can be used with di-tert-butyl peroxide and under what conditions? iii) What monomer can be used with hydrogen peroxide and under what condition?arrow_forward
- d) Provide the structure for the chain end group X that would result from chain termination through the following termination mechanism: • Disproportionation: Structure of X = • Chain end radical recombination: Structure of X = • Hydrogen abstraction: Structure of X = d) Early in the polymerization at lower conversion of the MVK monomer, the polymer chains formed are primarily linear. However, close to the end of the reaction, as most of the monomer is consumed, branched polymers may start to appear. Propose a possible rationale for the formation of branched polymer structures (hint: consider the types of termination reactions that may compete with polymerization when only little monomer is still present). 32 linear vs. branchedarrow_forwardMacromolecules can also be formed from cyclic monomers such as cyclic hydrocarbons, ethers, esters, amides, siloxanes, and sulfur (eight-membered ring). Thus, ring-opening polymerization is of particular interest, since macromolecules of almost any chemical structure can be prepared. Choose two of the above type polymers to explain the mechanism and chemical reaction of polymerization process.arrow_forwardOne common type of cation exchange resin is prepared by polymerization of a mixture containing styrene and 1,4-divinylbenzene . The polymer is then treated with concentrated sulfuric acid to sulfonate a majority of the aromatic rings in the polymer. Q.) Explain how this sulfonated polymer can act as a cation exchange resinarrow_forward
- Provide the mechanism for the step-growth polymerization of citric acid and ethylene glycol to form poly (ethylene glycol)-citrate. Show all steps.arrow_forwardCompare anionic vs. cationic ring opening polymerization: 1. monomer 2. initiator 3. general polymerization mechanism 3. termination + transfer 4. ceiling temperaturearrow_forwardPolymers prepared by condensation polymerization are usually of high molecular weights, but the student has been finding difficulties to produce a high molecular weight polymer using this technique in the lab. Give two reasons why this might be the case.arrow_forward
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