Chapter 28.7, Problem 28.15KCP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given structure is whether antihistamine or antidepressant has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Drugs: Drugs are molecules which are taken from an external source to change the normal functioning of the body. The action of drug is in molecular level and the design of many drugs are in such a way that it mimics a particular neurotransmitter or hormone. Drugs bind with receptors showing an increased or decreased effect.

There are two types of drugs and they are agonist and antagonist.

Histamine: Histamines are the neurotransmitters which is responsible for causing symptoms of allergic reactions. The amino acid histidine undergoes decarboxylation reaction to produce histidine.

Antihistamines: Antihistamines are antagonist of the histamine receptors. They are the family of drugs which counteract the effects caused by histamine. Antihistamine has a general structure

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given structure is whether antihistamine or antidepressant has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Drugs: Drugs are molecules which are taken from an external source to change the normal functioning of the body. The action of drug is in molecular level and the design of many drugs are in such a way that it mimics a particular neurotransmitter or hormone. Drugs bind with receptors showing an increased or decreased effect.

There are two types of drugs and they are agonist and antagonist.

The deficiency of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine leads to depression.

By the mode of action, three families of drugs are used as effective anti-depressant. They are,

1. 1. Tricyclic antidepressant (Elavil): It prevents the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine from the inside of synapse
2. 2. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor (Nardil): It prevents the enzyme which breaks down serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine
3. 3. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, SSRI (Prozac): It prevents the reabsorption of serotonin alone