1 Introduction And Basic Concepts 2 Energy, Energy Transfer, And General Energy Analysis 3 Properties Of Pure Substances 4 Energy Analysis Of Closed Systems 5 Mass And Energy Analysis Of Control Volumes 6 The Second Law Of Thermodynamics 7 Entropy 8 Exergy 9 Gas Power Cycles 10 Vapor And Combined Power Cycles 11 Refrigeration Cycles 12 Thermodynamic Property Relations 13 Gas Mixtures 14 Gas-vapor Mixtures And Air-conditioning 15 Chemical Reactions 16 Chemical And Phase Equilibrium 17 Compressible Flow expand_more
2.1 Introduction 2.2 Forms Of Energy 2.3 Energy Transfer By Heat 2.4 Energy Transfer By Work 2.5 Mechanical Forms Of Work 2.6 The First Law Of Thermodynamics 2.7 Energy Conversion Efficiencies 2.8 Energy And Environment expand_more
Problem 1P: What is total energy? Identify the different forms of energy that constitute the total energy. Problem 2P: List the forms of energy that contribute to the internal energy of a system. Problem 3P: How are heat, internal energy, and thermal energy related to each other? Problem 4P: What is mechanical energy? How does it differ from thermal energy? What are the forms of mechanical... Problem 5P: Natural gas, which is mostly methane CH4, is a fuel and a major energy source. Can we say the same... Problem 6P: Portable electric heaters are commonly used to heat small rooms. Explain the energy transformation... Problem 7P Problem 8P Problem 9P: 2–9E Calculate the total potential energy, in Btu, of an object with a mass of 200 lbm when it is 10... Problem 10P Problem 11P Problem 12P: At a certain location, wind is blowing steadily at 10 m/s. Determine the mechanical energy of air... Problem 13P: A water jet that leaves a nozzle at 60 m/s at a flow rate of 120 kg/s is to be used to generate... Problem 14P Problem 15P Problem 16P: Consider a river flowing toward a lake at an average velocity of 3 m/s at a rate of 500 m3/s at a... Problem 17P: When is the energy crossing the boundaries of a closed system heat and when is it work? Problem 18P: Consider an automobile traveling at a constant speed along a road. Determine the direction of the... Problem 20P: A gas in a pistoncylinder device is compressed, and as a result its temperature rises. Is this a... Problem 21P: A room is heated by an iron that is left plugged in. Is this a heat or work interaction? Take the... Problem 22P: A room is heated as a result of solar radiation coming in through the windows. Is this a heat or... Problem 23P Problem 24P: A small electrical motor produces 5 W of mechanical power. What is this power in (a) N, m, and s... Problem 25P Problem 26P: 2–26C Lifting a weight to a height of 20 m takes 20 s for one crane and 10 s for another. Is there... Problem 27P Problem 28P Problem 29P Problem 30P Problem 31P Problem 32P Problem 33P Problem 34P: A ski lift has a one-way length of 1 km and a vertical rise of 200 m. The chairs are spaced 20 m... Problem 35P: The engine of a 1500-kg automobile has a power rating of 75 kW. Determine the time required to... Problem 36P Problem 37P: What are the different mechanisms for transferring energy to or from a control volume? Problem 38P: On a hot summer day, a student turns his fan on when he leaves his room in the morning. When he... Problem 39P Problem 40P: A vertical pistoncylinder device contains water and is being heated on top of a range. During the... Problem 41P: At winter design conditions, a house is projected to lose heat at a rate of 60,000 Btu/h. The... Problem 42P: A water pump increases the water pressure from 15 psia to 70 psia. Determine the power input... Problem 43P Problem 44P Problem 45P: A university campus has 200 classrooms and 400 faculty offices. The classrooms are equipped with 12... Problem 46P Problem 47P: Consider a room that is initially at the outdoor temperature of 20C. The room contains a 40-W... Problem 48P Problem 49P: 2-49 The 60-W fan of a central heating system is to circulate air through the duets. The analysis of... Problem 50P Problem 51P: An escalator in a shopping center is designed to move 50 people, 75 kg each, at a constant speed of... Problem 52P Problem 53P: How is the combined pumpmotor efficiency of a pump and motor system defined? Can the combined... Problem 54P Problem 55P: Can the combined turbinegenerator efficiency be greater than either the turbine efficiency or the... Problem 56P: Consider a 2.4-kW hooded electric open burner in an area where the unit costs of electricity and... Problem 57P Problem 58P Problem 59P Problem 61P: A geothermal pump is used to pump brine whose density is 1050 kg/m3 at a rate of 0.3 m3/s from a... Problem 62P Problem 63P Problem 64P: The water in a large lake is to be used to generate electricity by the installation of a hydraulic... Problem 65P: A 7-hp (shaft) pump is used to raise water to an elevation of 15 m. If the mechanical efficiency of... Problem 66P: At a certain location, wind is blowing steadily at 7 m/s. Determine the mechanical energy of air per... Problem 67P: Reconsider Prob. 265. Using appropriate software, investigate the effect of wind velocity and the... Problem 68P: Water is pumped from a lake to a storage tank 15 m above at a rate of 70 L/s while consuming 15.4 kW... Problem 69P Problem 70P: A hydraulic turbine has 85 m of elevation difference available at a flow rate of 0.25 m3/s, and its... Problem 71P Problem 72P: Water is pumped from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir by a pump that provides 20 kW of shaft... Problem 73P Problem 74P: An oil pump is drawing 44 kW of electric power while pumping oil with = 860 kg/m3 at a rate of 0.1... Problem 75P: How does energy conversion affect the environment? What are the primary chemicals that pollute the... Problem 76P: What is acid rain? Why is it called a rain? How do the acids form in the atmosphere? What are the... Problem 77P: Why is carbon monoxide a dangerous air pollutant? How does it affect human health at low levels and... Problem 78P: What is the greenhouse effect? How does the excess CO2 gas in the atmosphere cause the greenhouse... Problem 79P: What is smog? What does it consist of? How does ground-level ozone form? What are the adverse... Problem 80P Problem 81P: Consider a household that uses 14,000 kWh of electricity per year and 900 gal of fuel oil during a... Problem 82P: When a hydrocarbon fuel is burned, almost all of the carbon in the fuel burns completely to form CO2... Problem 83P Problem 84P: A typical car driven 20,000 km a year emits to the atmosphere about 11 kg per year of NOx (nitrogen... Problem 85P: What are the mechanisms of heat transfer? Problem 86P: Which is a better heat conductor, diamond or silver? Problem 87P: How does forced convection differ from natural convection? Problem 88P: What is a blackbody? How do real bodies differ from a blackbody? Problem 89P: Define emissivity and absorptivity. What is Kirchhoffs law of radiation? Problem 90P: Does any of the energy of the sun reach the earth by conduction or convection? Problem 91P: The inner and outer surfaces of a 5-m 6-m brick wall of thickness 30 cm and thermal conductivity... Problem 92P: The inner and outer surfaces of a 0.5-cm-thick 2-m 2-m window glass in winter are 15C and 6C,... Problem 93P: Reconsider Prob. 292. Using appropriate software, investigate the effect of glass thickness on heat... Problem 94P Problem 95P Problem 96P Problem 97P Problem 98P: For heat transfer purposes, a standing man can be modeled as a 30-cm-diameter, 175-cm-long vertical... Problem 99P Problem 100P Problem 101P: A 1000-W iron is left on the ironing board with its base exposed to the air at 23C. The convection... Problem 102P: A 7-cm-external-diameter, 18-m-long hot-water pipe at 80C is losing heat to the surrounding air at... Problem 103P: A thin metal plate is insulated on the back and exposed to solar radiation on the front surface. The... Problem 104P: Reconsider Prob. 2103. Using appropriate software, investigate the effect of the convection heat... Problem 105P: The outer surface of a spacecraft in space has an emissivity of 0.6 and an absorptivity of 0.2 for... Problem 106P Problem 107P: A hollow spherical iron container whose outer diameter is 40 cm and thickness is 0.4 cm is filled... Problem 108RP: Consider a vertical elevator whose cabin has a total mass of 800 kg when fully loaded and 150 kg... Problem 109RP: Consider a homeowner who is replacing his 25-year-old natural gas furnace that has an efficiency of... Problem 110RP Problem 111RP Problem 112RP Problem 113RP: 2–113 The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that up to 10 percent of the energy use of a house can... Problem 114RP Problem 115RP Problem 116RP Problem 117RP Problem 118RP: Consider a TV set that consumes 120 W of electric power when it is on and is kept on for an average... Problem 119RP: Water is pumped from a 200-ft-deep well into a 100-ft-high storage tank. Determine the power, in kW,... Problem 120RP Problem 121RP Problem 122RP: In a hydroelectric power plant, 65 m3/s of water flows from an elevation of 90 m to a turbine, where... Problem 123RP: The demand for electric power is usually much higher during the day than it is at night, and utility... Problem 124RP: The pump of a water distribution system is powered by a 15-kW electric motor whose efficiency is 90... Problem 125FEP: On a hot summer day, the air in a well-sealed room is circulated by a 0.50-hp fan driven by a 65... Problem 126FEP Problem 127FEP: A 2-kW electric resistance heater in a room is turned on and kept on for 50 min. The amount of... Problem 128FEP: A 900-kg car cruising at a constant speed of 60 km/h is to accelerate to 100 km/h in 4 s. The... Problem 129FEP Problem 130FEP Problem 131FEP Problem 132FEP: A 2-kW pump is used to pump kerosene ( = 0.820 kg/L) from a tank on the ground to a tank at a higher... Problem 133FEP Problem 134FEP Problem 135FEP Problem 136FEP Problem 137FEP Problem 138FEP: Heat is transferred steadily through a 0.2-m-thick, 8 m 4 m wall at a rate of 2.4 kW. The inner and... Problem 139FEP: The roof of an electrically heated house is 7 m long, 10 m wide, and 0.25 m thick. It is made of a... format_list_bulleted