LABORATORY MANUAL FOR HUMAN ANATOMY & PH
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781260254426
Author: Martin
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 28, Problem 4.1CT
Why are intramuscular injections given in the glutens medius muscle rather than in the larger gluteus maximus muscle in the buttock region?
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
List substitutions in your diet you could make to improve it based on what you know now about a balanced diet. For instance, if you like to drink soda, you might substitute skim milk or water for some of the soft drinks you consumed. List the item you wish to replace with the new item and what you hope to accomplish with that substitution. Be sure to choose foods you know that you'd enjoy and you consider more "healthful." If you feel your diet is already balanced, describe how you accomplish your balanced intake and when you began eating this way.
Chapter 28 Solutions
LABORATORY MANUAL FOR HUMAN ANATOMY & PH
Ch. 28 - The ____________ is the most superficial membrane...Ch. 28 - The inferior end of the adult spinal cord...Ch. 28 - Prob. 3PLCh. 28 - Which of the following is not part of the gray...Ch. 28 - The central canal of the spinal cord is located...Ch. 28 - The brachial plexus is formed from components of...Ch. 28 - There are eight pairs of cervical spinal nerves....Ch. 28 - The major ascending (sensory) and descending...Ch. 28 - Match the terms in column A with the descriptions...Ch. 28 - Prob. F28.14A
Ch. 28 - The spinal cord gives rise to 31 pairs...Ch. 28 - The bulge in the spinal cord that gives off nerves...Ch. 28 - The bulge in the spinal cord that gives off nerves...Ch. 28 - The ______________ is a groove that extends the...Ch. 28 - In a spinal cord cross section, the posterior...Ch. 28 - The axons of motor neurons are found in the...Ch. 28 - The _______________ connects the gray matter on...Ch. 28 - The _______ in the gray commissure of the spinal...Ch. 28 - The white matter of the spinal cord is divided...Ch. 28 - There are ______________________ pairs of cervical...Ch. 28 - There are ______________________ pairs of sacral...Ch. 28 - Cervical spinal nerve pair C1 originates between...Ch. 28 - Spinal nerves L4 through S4 form a...Ch. 28 - The gray matter of the spinal cord is divided into...Ch. 28 - The spinal cord ends just inferior to L1 in a...Ch. 28 - Severing the ______________________ nerves of the...Ch. 28 - The inferior and superior gluteal nerves of the...Ch. 28 - To block chronic pain in a patient, sometimes...Ch. 28 - Prob. 4.2ACh. 28 - Injuries to the vertebral column and spinal cord...Ch. 28 - Why are intramuscular injections given in the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 4.2CT
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