
Concept explainers
Draw the products formed when D-altrose is treated with each reagent.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e. [1]
f. [1]
g.
h.

(a)
Interpretation: The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Concept introduction: The
Answer to Problem 28.50P
The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Figure 1
Explanation of Solution
The
The products formed by the treatment of D- altrose with
Figure 2
The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with

(b)
Interpretation: The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Concept introduction: The substitution reaction involves the replacement of one functional group by other functional group. In nucleophilic substitution an electron rich species attack the species that is deficient in electrons. The electrophile and the leaving group together form a substrate. The nucleophile attacks over the substrate and there occurs the removal of leaving group from the substrate.
Answer to Problem 28.50P
The product formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Figure 3
Explanation of Solution
The product formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Figure 4
In the given reaction, sodium borohydride is used as a reducing agent. Sodium borohydride is used to for the reduction of carbonyl compounds to alcohols.
The product formed by the treatment of D-altrose with

(c)
Interpretation: The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Concept introduction: The aldehyde group of aldoses oxidizes to carboxyl group on treatment with
Answer to Problem 28.50P
The product formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Figure 5
Explanation of Solution
The oxidation of aldehyde group of aldoses leads to the formation of aldonic acid, in which the terminal carbon atoms are substituted by carboxyl group and alcoholic group. The product formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Figure 6
The product formed by the treatment of D-altrose with

(d)
Interpretation: The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Concept introduction: The aldehyde group and primary alcohol of aldoses oxidizes to carboxyl groups on treatment with warm
Answer to Problem 28.50P
The product formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Figure 7
Explanation of Solution
The oxidation of aldehyde group and primary alcohol of aldoses leads to the formation of aldaric acid, in which the terminal carbon atoms are substituted by carboxyl groups. The product formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Figure 8
The product formed by the treatment of D-altrose with

(e)
Interpretation: The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with [1]
Concept introduction:
Answer to Problem 28.50P
The product formed by the treatment of D-altrose with [1]
Figure 9
Explanation of Solution
The reaction of D-altrose with hydroxylamine results in the formation of oxime. The second step is the dehydration of oxime to nitriles. The reaction of nitrile with
The product formed by the treatment of D-altrose with [1]
Figure 10
The product formed by the treatment of D-altrose with [1]

(f)
Interpretation: The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with [1]
Concept introduction:
Answer to Problem 28.50P
The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with [1]
Figure 11
Explanation of Solution
The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with [1]
Figure 12
The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with [1]

(g)
Interpretation: The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Concept introduction: The
Answer to Problem 28.50P
The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Figure 13
Explanation of Solution
The
Figure 14
The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with

(h)
Interpretation: The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Concept introduction: The
Answer to Problem 28.50P
The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
Figure 15
Explanation of Solution
The
Figure 16
The products formed by the treatment of D-altrose with
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Chapter 28 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
