Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133922851
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction

To explain: How the withdrawal of antibiotics before the full treatment can lead to the evolution of drug-resistant pathogens.

Concept introduction:

The generation time in prokaryotes is less in response to changing conditions because they can often proliferate rapidly leading to the quick increase in mutation rate, which results in genetic diversity. Genetic diversity can also occur through transformation, transduction, and conjugation mechanisms and by transferring beneficial alleles such as the alleles for antibiotic resistance; the recombination event can support the adaptive evolution in these organisms.

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Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts Antibiotics selectively inhibit or kill bacterial cells. Describe three targets of antibiotics in bacterial cells. Explain how the antibiotics produce these effects at each target. Bacteria have evolved mechanisms of resistance to many antibiotics. Describe two different mechanisms of resistance, explaining how the bacterium overcomes the action of the antibiotic. Give an example of an antibiotic whose effect can be overcome by each of the mechanisms you have described.
Vaccine development for diseases caused by protists (e.g., malaria, Chagas’ disease) has been much less successful than for bacterial or viral diseases. Discuss one biological reason and one geopolitical reason for this fact
It was not until 1928 that penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming, Professor of Bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital in London. Penicillin heralded the dawn of the antibiotic age. Before its introduction there was no effective treatment for infections such as pneumonia, gonorrhea or rheumatic fever. Hospitals were full of people with blood poisoning contracted from a cut or a scratch, and doctors could do little for them but wait and hope. 1. What is the mechanism of action of penicillin? 2. Cells treated with penicillin do not die immediately, so how this antibiotic is effective? 3. Why penicillin is most effective against Gram-positive bacteria? 4. Explain penicillin resistance mechanisms among bacteria today and the causes why they gained this resistance and making this great life-saving drug not usable anymore.

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Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)

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