Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 4TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Transfer of genes in prokaryotes occurs through horizontal transfer mechanisms such as transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The mechanism of conjugation involves contact of cells in which the genetic material is transferred between the two cells having different mating types.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Explain the importance of the following features in conjugating donor bacteria:
a. the origin of transfer
b. the conjugation pilus
c. homologous recombination
d. the relaxosome
e. relaxase
f. T strand DNA
g. pillin protein
For bacteria that are F+, Hfr, F', and F- answer the following.
a. Describe the state of the F factor.
b. Which of these cells are donors? Which is the recipient?
c. Which of these donors can convert exconjugants to a donor state?
d. Which of these donors can transfer a donor gene to exconjugants?
e. Describe the results of conjugation (i.e., changes in the recipient and the exconjugant) that allow detection of the state of the F factor in a donor strain.
f. Describe a "partial diploid" and how it originates.
Conjugation involves which of the following:
a. transfer of plasmids among bacteria
b. sexual reproduction of Eukaryotes
c. uptake of free DNA from the environment
d. integration of a virus into a chromosome
Chapter 27 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 27 - Fill in the following table with brief...Ch. 27 - Complete the following concept map that summarizes...Ch. 27 - This is a micrograph of the cyanobacterium...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4IQCh. 27 - Prob. 5IQCh. 27 - One might think of prokaryotes as primitive,...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 27 - Prob. 1TYKFCh. 27 - __________ region in which the prokaryotic...Ch. 27 - __________ common staining technique that...
Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 8TYKFCh. 27 - ___________ use of organisms to remove...Ch. 27 - __________type of respiration that uses molecules...Ch. 27 - The Gram stain distinguishes among bacteria based...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 27 - Some prokaryotes have specialized internal...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 27 - Which of the following statements accurately...Ch. 27 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 27 - O157:H7, a pathogenic strain of E. coli, has over...
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- What happens when T2 phages are grown with radioactive phosphorus? a. Their DNA becomes radioactive. b. Their proteins become radioactive. c. Their DNA is found to be medium density in a centrifuge tube. d. They are no longer able to transform bacterial cells. e. They transfer their radioactivity to E. coli chromosomes during infection. ...Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about conjugation is false? After a F- cell has conjugated with an F+ cell, both cells would be F+. Both Hfr and F+ bacteria have the ability to produce a sex pilus. In F+ × F- conjugation, none of the bacterial chromosome is transferred; only the F factor is. A Hfr strain usually transfers the entire bacterial chromosome to the recipient cell. F' × F- conjugation can produce a partially diploid bacterial cell.arrow_forwardReferring to conjugation in bacteria: Mark all cell types for which the following statement is true. Cell is used as a donor cell in conjugation. Select one or more: O a. F+ O b. F- O c. Hfr O d. F"arrow_forward
- The likelihood of co-transformation of two bacterial genes increases: a. As their distance apart on the chromosome increases b. As their distance apart on the chromosome decreases c. As the transducing phage enter the lytic cycle d. As recombination rate decreases e. None of these is correcarrow_forwardIn Figure 5-15, how are each of the following genotypesproduced?a. F+ a− c. F− a+b. F− a− d. F+ a+arrow_forwardIn the phage titer experiment, why did you plate multiple dilutions? a. so that you should have a countable plate b. to have duplicates to count c. As a control d. to be certain the E. coli was not previously infectedarrow_forward
- Antibiotic resistant genes can be located on plasmids in bacterial cells. Considering what you know about horizontal gene transfer, explain why this is a concern.arrow_forwardHow can i explain my answers in depth in microbology for example this question: Assume that there are horizontal gene transfers between two completely different bacterial species. In one case it is a plasmid that is transferred via conjugation, in the other case it is a part of the bacterial chromosome that is transferred via transformation. In which of the two cases is it most likely that the transferred DNA will remain and be able to function in the recipient cells? Explain the biological background to your answer . How do I break down the question so I answer it fullyarrow_forwardPlease help urgentlyarrow_forward
- In a P1 transduction experiment, the P1 lysate contains phages thatcarry pieces of the host chromosomal DNA, but the lysate also containsbroken pieces of chromosomal DNA. If a P1 lysate is used to transfer chromosomal DNA to another bacterium, how could you show experimentally that the recombinant bacterium has been transduced (i.e., has taken up a P1 phage with a piece of chromosomal DNA inside) versus transformed (i.e., has taken up a piece of chromosomal DNA that is not within a P1 phage coat)?arrow_forward. a. You want to perform an interrupted-mating mappingwith an E. coli Hfr strain that is Pyr+, Met+, Xyl+,Tyr+, Arg+, His+, Mal+, and Strs. Describe anappropriate bacterial strain to be used as theother partner in this mating.b. In an Hfr × F− cross, the pyrE gene enters therecipient in 5 minutes, but at this time point thereare no exconjugants that are Met+, Xyl+, Tyr+,Arg+, His+, or Mal+. The mating is now allowed toproceed for 30 minutes and Pyr+ exconjugants areselected. Of the Pyr+ cells, 32% are Met+, 94% areXyl+, 7% are Tyr+, 59% are Arg+, 0% are His+, and71% are Mal+. What can you conclude about theorder of the genes?arrow_forwardBacterial conjugation has medical consequences. For example, certain plasmids contain genes that code for toxins. The causative agent of a deadly form of food poisoning, E. coli 0157, synthesizes a toxin that causes massive bloody diarrhea and kidney failure. This toxin is now believed to have originated in Shigella, another bacterium that causes dysentery. Similarly, the growing problem of antibiotic resistance is partly attributable to the spread of antibioticresistant genes among bacterial populations. Antibiotic resistance develops because antibiotics are overused in medical practice and in livestock feeds. Suggest a mechanism by which this extensive use promotes antibiotic resistance.arrow_forward
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