Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781337408332
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 26, Problem 3DAA
Summary Introduction
To explain: The purpose of the cells with the gene for green fluorescent protein that serves in the Neanderthal hair color experiment.
Concept introduction: Neanderthals are extinct hominins that are closest relatives of Homo sapiens and habituated to the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. The pigmentation in humans is regulated by the MC1R. The loss of function mutation in the MC1R gene in turn affects the skin and hair color. Homozygous mutation of the gene results in red hair and pale skin
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planet Reen in a distant solar system. They only have one chromosome with eight genes on it that determines the
organism's appearance. Your job is to transcribe and translate the DNA and determine what traits the organism has and
In this simulation, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism. These organisms were discovered on the
TAC CAT AGA TTT ATT TAC CAA GGA TGA GGT TTC ATC TÁC GAA GAG GAG GGG ATT TAC CAA CGC
CGA ATT TÁC GTA GTG ATC TAC CAT AAA ATA ACT TAC TTA TAA GAA GAC GGG TGT ACT TAC TTA
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then sketch the organism
TTA TTA CGT ATT TAC AAG AGC GTG ATT TAC TCC TCT TTA TGT ATT
Amino Acid Sequence
Genes
Description
Short and spiky hair
Met - val - ser - leu
Gene 1- body covering
Met - val - ser - lys
Long and curly hairy
Met - tyr - pro - glu - pro - lys
Gene 2 - body shape
Met- val - pro - thr - pro - lys
Round body
Met - leu - leu - leu - pro
Square body
Gene 3 - # of legs
Met - leu - leu - ser - ala
4 legged
2 legged
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round head…
concept defines a species as a group of organisms that are capable of exchanging
Mayr's
genes.
O biological species.
O cladogenic species
O phylogenetic species
O evolutionary species
O morphospecies
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Histone acetylation leads to decreased gene expression.
O DNA methylation is associated with epigenetic gene repression.
Actually, these are all true statements.
O DNA methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases.
Histones can be methylated at lysine residues.
Yes or no?
DAPI just stains dna in testes and sperm of planarian.
A of riboprobe duryin situ hybridization pair with T's in mrna . T with A, cwith G and G with C.
in forward genetics phenotype is known before the gene mutation and in reverse genetics the altered gene is known before phenotype
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 26 - Data Analysis Activities Neanderthal Hair Color...Ch. 26 - Data Analysis Activities Neanderthal Hair Color...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3DAACh. 26 - Prob. 1SQCh. 26 - The closest relatives of bonobos are ________. a....Ch. 26 - Prob. 3SQCh. 26 - Prob. 4SQCh. 26 - The 3.6-million-year-old footprints left by...Ch. 26 - The position where a spinal cord enters the skull...Ch. 26 - Prob. 7SQ
Ch. 26 - Prob. 8SQCh. 26 - A prominent chin is typical of _______. a. Homo...Ch. 26 - Prob. 10SQCh. 26 - Prob. 11SQCh. 26 - Prob. 12SQCh. 26 - Prob. 13SQCh. 26 - Match each group with its description. _____...Ch. 26 - Prob. 15SQCh. 26 - Prob. 1CTCh. 26 - Think about the pattern of human dispersal. Given...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3CT
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- Neanderthal Hair Color The MCIR gene regulates pigmentation in humans (Sections 14.1 and 15.l revisited), .so loss-of-function mutations in this gene affect hair and .skin color. A person with two mutated alleles for this gene makes more of the reddish melanin than the brownish melanin, resulting in red hair and pa le skin. DNA extracted from two Neanderthal fossils contains a mutated MC1R allele that has not yet been found in humans, To see how the. Neanderthal mutation affects the function of the MC1R gene, Carles Lalueza-Fox and her team introduced the allele into cultured monkey cells (FIGURE 26.1 6). FIGURE 26.16 MC1R activity in monkey cells transgenic for an unmutated MClR gene, the Neanderthal MC1R allele or the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP is- not related to MC1R. 2. What does this imply about the mutations effect on Neanderthal hair color?arrow_forwardNeanderthal Hair Color The MCIR gene regulates pigmentation in humans (Sections 14.1 and 15.l revisited), .so loss-of-function mutations in this gene affect hair and .skin color. A person with two mutated alleles for this gene makes more of the reddish melanin than the brownish melanin, resulting in red hair and pa le skin. DNA extracted from two Neanderthal fossils contains a mutated MC1R allele that has not yet been found in humans, To see how the. Neanderthal mutation affects the function of the MC1R gene, Carles Lalueza-Fox and her team introduced the allele into cultured monkey cells (FIGURE 26.1 6). FIGURE 26.16 MC1R activity in monkey cells transgenic for an unmutated MClR gene, the Neanderthal MC1R allele or the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP is- not related to MC1R. What purpose do the cells with the gene for green fluorescent protein serve in this experiment?arrow_forwardData Analysis Activities Neanderthal Hair Color The MC1R gene regulates pigmentation in humans (Sections 13.5 and 14.2), so Loss-of-function mutations in this gene affect hair and skin color. A person with two mutated alleles for this gene makes more of the reddish melanin than the brownish melanin, resu.lti.ng in red hair and pale skin. DNA extracted from two Neanderthal fossils contains a mutated MC1R allele that has not yet been found in humans. To see how the Neanderthal mutation affects the function of the MC1R gene, Carles Lalueza-Fox and her team introduced the allele in to cultured monkey cells (FIGURE 26.12). FIGURE 26.12 MC1Ractivity. Activity is shown in monkey cells transgenic for an unmutated MC1R gene, the Neanderthal MC1R allele, or the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP is not related to MC1R. How did MCR1 activity in monkey cells with the mutant allele differ from that in cells with the normal allele?arrow_forward
- Data Analysis Activities Neanderthal Hair Color The MC1R gene regulates pigmentation in humans (Sections 13.5 and 14.2), so Loss-of-function mutations in this gene affect hair and skin color. A person with two mutated alleles for this gene makes more of the reddish melanin than the brownish melanin, resu.lti.ng in red hair and pale skin. DNA extracted from two Neanderthal fossils contains a mutated MC1R allele that has not yet been found in humans. To see how the Neanderthal mutation affects the function of the MC1R gene, Carles Lalueza-Fox and her team introduced the allele in to cultured monkey cells (FIGURE 26.12). FIGURE 26.12 MC1Ractivity. Activity is shown in monkey cells transgenic for an unmutated MC1R gene, the Neanderthal MC1R allele, or the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP is not related to MC1R. What does this imply about the mutations effect on Neanderthal hair color?arrow_forwardEnhanced Spatial Learning Ability in Mice Engineered to Carry an Autism Mutation Autism is a neurobiological disorder with symptoms that include impaired social interactions and repetitive, stereotyped patterns of behavior. Around 10 percent of autistic people also have an extraordinary skill or talent such as greatly enhanced memory. Mutations in the gene for neuroligin 3, an adhesion protein that connects brain cells, have been associated with autism. One of these mutations is called R451C because the altered gene encodes a protein with an amino acid substitution: a cysteine (C) instead of an arginine (R) in position 451. In 2007, Katsuhiko Tabuchi and his colleagues introduced the R451C mutation into the neuroligin 3 gene of mice. The researchers discovered that the genetically modified mice had impaired social behavior and superior spatial learning ability. Spatial learning in mice is tested with a water maze, which consists of a small platform submerged a bit below the surface or a pool of water so it is invisible to a swimming mouse. Mice do not particularly enjoy swimming, so they try to locate the hidden platform as quickly as they can. When tested again later, they remember the platforms location by checking visual cues around the edge or the pool. How quickly they remember is a measure of their spatial learning ability. FIGURE 15.14 shows some or Tabuchis result. FIGURE 15.14 Spatial learning ability in mice. Mice with a mutation in neuroligin 3 (R451C) were tested for learning performance: as compared with unmodified (wild-type) mice. Did the modified or the unmodified mice learn the location of the platform faster in the first test?arrow_forwardEnhanced Spatial Learning in Mice With an Autism Mutation Autism is a neurobiological disorder with symptoms that include impaired social interactions and stereotyped patterns of behavior. Around 10 percent of autistic people have an extraordinary skill or talent such as greatly enhanced memory. Mutations in neuroligin 3, an adhesion protein that connects brain cells to one another, have been associated with autism. One mutation changes amino acid 451 from arginine to cysteine. In 2007, Katsuhiko Tabuchi and his colleagues genetically modified mice to carry the same arginine-to-cysteine substitution in their neuroligin 3. Mice with the mutation had impaired social behavior. To test spatial learning ability, the mice were placed in a water maze: a deep pool of warm water in which a platform is submerged a few millimeters below the surface. The platform is not visible to swimming mice. Mice do not particularly enjoy swimming, so they locate a hidden platform as fast as they can. When tested again, they can remember its location by checking visual cues around the edge of the pool. How quickly they remember the platforms location is a measure of spatial learning ability (FIGURE 15.18). FIGURE 15.18 spatial learning ability in mica mutation in neuroligin 3 (R451C), compared with unmodified (wild-type) mica. 1. In the first, how many days did it take unmodified mice to learn to find the location of the hidden platform within 10 seconds?arrow_forward
- Enhanced Spatial Learning in Mice With an Autism Mutation Autism is a neurobiological disorder with symptoms that include impaired social interactions and stereotyped patterns of behavior. Around 10 percent of autistic people have an extraordinary skill or talent such as greatly enhanced memory. Mutations in neuroligin 3, an adhesion protein that connects brain cells to one another, have been associated with autism. One mutation changes amino acid 451 from arginine to cysteine. In 2007, Katsuhiko Tabuchi and his colleagues genetically modified mice to carry the same arginine-to-cysteine substitution in their neuroligin 3. Mice with the mutation had impaired social behavior. To test spatial learning ability, the mice were placed in a water maze: a deep pool of warm water in which a platform is submerged a few millimeters below the surface. The platform is not visible to swimming mice. Mice do not particularly enjoy swimming, so they locate a hidden platform as fast as they can. When tested again, they can remember its location by checking visual cues around the edge of the pool. How quickly they remember the platforms location is a measure of spatial learning ability (FIGURE 15.18). FIGURE 15.18 spatial learning ability in mica mutation in neuroligin 3 (R451C), compared with unmodified (wild-type) mica. 2. Did the modified or the unmodified mice learn the location of the platform faster in the first test?arrow_forward. SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY The scientists mapping the SNPs inthe human genome noticed that groups of SNPs tended to beinherited together, in blocks known as haplotypes, ranging inlength from 5,000 to 200,000 base pairs. There are as few as fouror five commonly occurring combinations of SNPs per haplotype.Integrating what you’ve learned throughout this chapter and thisunit, propose an explanation for this observationarrow_forwardmolecular geneticsarrow_forward
- Mutation Tan C Milation wX My Drive Goc X CAPart Of Open with ♥ Mutation: Curly Wing Shape P generation Phenotypes: Normal female X Curly male F, generation Phenotvoe Normal Curly Females Males Total Ratio FXF, Phenotypes: Normal female X Normal male Fz generation Femalos Males Total Ratio Curly F2 Punnett square F Punnett square Page 41 40°F AD DOarrow_forwardPls help me anser this questions asap with an explanation! all info is on the picturesarrow_forwardGenetically Modified Foods The creation of transgenic crop plants using recombinant DNA methods involves the transfer of just one gene or a small number of genes to the plants, in contrast to classical breeding methods in which hundreds or even thousands of genes are transferred at once. Explain why this is true. If fewer genes are transferred during the creation of transgenic crops, why are some people afraid that they are dangerous?arrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY