Using a generic strong Brønsted acid, HA as the initiator, the initiation step and the first two propagation steps for the cationic polymerization of methylpropene (isobutylene) are to be drawn. Concept introduction: In cationic polymerization, the cation is formed by the reaction of alkene with an acid in an electrophilic addition step. Bronsted acid is used to protonate the C=C double bond of the monomer. Propagation occurs when the carbocation of the growing chain undergoes electrophilic addition to another monomer. Cationic polymerization takes place if electron-donating groups are attached to the C = C bond.

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.9P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Using a generic strong Brønsted acid, HA as the initiator, the initiation step and the first two propagation steps for the cationic polymerization of methylpropene (isobutylene) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In cationic polymerization, the cation is formed by the reaction of alkene with an acid in an electrophilic addition step. Bronsted acid is used to protonate the C=C double bond of the monomer. Propagation occurs when the carbocation of the growing chain undergoes electrophilic addition to another monomer. Cationic polymerization takes place if electron-donating groups are attached to the C = C bond.

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AG/F-2° V 3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized. Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14: -0.93 +0.38 -0.50 -0.51 -0.06 H3PO4 →H4P206 →H3PO3 →→H3PO₂ → P → PH3 Acidic solution Basic solution -0.28 -0.50 3--1.12 -1.57 -2.05 -0.89 PO HPO H₂PO₂ →P → PH3 -1.73 a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the formation and reduction of H4P206 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both processes; comment. (3 points) 0.5 PH P 0.0 -0.5 -1.0- -1.5- -2.0 H.PO, -2.3+ -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 2 H,PO, b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic conditions is shown. Identify possible disproportionation and comproportionation processes; write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points) H,PO 4 S Oxidation stale, N

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.9P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Using a generic strong Brønsted acid, HA as the initiator, the initiation step and the first two propagation steps for the cationic polymerization of methylpropene (isobutylene) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In cationic polymerization, the cation is formed by the reaction of alkene with an acid in an electrophilic addition step. Bronsted acid is used to protonate the C=C double bond of the monomer. Propagation occurs when the carbocation of the growing chain undergoes electrophilic addition to another monomer. Cationic polymerization takes place if electron-donating groups are attached to the C = C bond.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.9P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Using a generic strong Brønsted acid, HA as the initiator, the initiation step and the first two propagation steps for the cationic polymerization of methylpropene (isobutylene) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

In cationic polymerization, the cation is formed by the reaction of alkene with an acid in an electrophilic addition step. Bronsted acid is used to protonate the C=C double bond of the monomer. Propagation occurs when the carbocation of the growing chain undergoes electrophilic addition to another monomer. Cationic polymerization takes place if electron-donating groups are attached to the C = C bond.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 26, Problem 26.9P

Interpretation Introduction