(a) Interpretation: Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is the calcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. A structure for polycarbophil is to be proposed. Concept introduction: Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer .

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is the calcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. A structure for polycarbophil is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is thecalcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and, in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. It is to be explained why the cross-linking of the polymer is necessary for the given application.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why polycarbophil effective at providing bulk in the intestine and what will occur on a molecular level to polycarbophil.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble. In carboxylic acid, a strong H-bonding takes place.

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3. For the reactions below, draw the arrows corresponding to the transformations and draw in the boxes the reactants or products as indicated. Note: Part A should have arrows drawn going from the reactants to the middle structure and the arrows on the middle structure that would yield the final structure. For part B, you will need to draw in the reactant before being able to draw the arrows corresponding to product formation. A. B. Rearrangement ΘΗ

2. Draw the arrows required to make the following reactions occur. Please ensure your arrows point from exactly where you want to exactly where you want. If it is unclear from where arrows start or where they end, only partial credit will be given. Note: You may need to draw in lone pairs before drawing the arrows. A. B. H-Br 人 C Θ CI H Cl Θ + Br O

4. For the reactions below, draw the expected product. Be sure to indicate relevant stereochemistry or formal charges in the product structure. a) CI, H e b) H lux ligh Br 'H

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is the calcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. A structure for polycarbophil is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is thecalcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and, in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. It is to be explained why the cross-linking of the polymer is necessary for the given application.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why polycarbophil effective at providing bulk in the intestine and what will occur on a molecular level to polycarbophil.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble. In carboxylic acid, a strong H-bonding takes place.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is the calcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. A structure for polycarbophil is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is thecalcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and, in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. It is to be explained why the cross-linking of the polymer is necessary for the given application.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why polycarbophil effective at providing bulk in the intestine and what will occur on a molecular level to polycarbophil.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble. In carboxylic acid, a strong H-bonding takes place.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is the calcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. A structure for polycarbophil is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is thecalcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and, in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. It is to be explained why the cross-linking of the polymer is necessary for the given application.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why polycarbophil effective at providing bulk in the intestine and what will occur on a molecular level to polycarbophil.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble. In carboxylic acid, a strong H-bonding takes place.

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Answer 5

Chapter 26, Problem 26.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is the calcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. A structure for polycarbophil is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is thecalcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and, in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. It is to be explained why the cross-linking of the polymer is necessary for the given application.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why polycarbophil effective at providing bulk in the intestine and what will occur on a molecular level to polycarbophil.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble. In carboxylic acid, a strong H-bonding takes place.

Answer 6

Chapter 26, Problem 26.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is the calcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. A structure for polycarbophil is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer.

Answer 7

Chapter 26, Problem 26.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is the calcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. A structure for polycarbophil is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is thecalcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and, in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. It is to be explained why the cross-linking of the polymer is necessary for the given application.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Polycarbophil is a dietary fiber supplement. It is thecalcium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and divinylglycol, a cross-linking agent. In the stomach, the calcium ions exchange for protons and, in the higher pH of the intestine, the polymer absorbs 70 times its mass inwater. It is to be explained why the cross-linking of the polymer is necessary for the given application.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why polycarbophil effective at providing bulk in the intestine and what will occur on a molecular level to polycarbophil.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble. In carboxylic acid, a strong H-bonding takes place.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why polycarbophil effective at providing bulk in the intestine and what will occur on a molecular level to polycarbophil.

Concept introduction:

Polycarbophil is synthesized from copolymerization of acrylic acid and divinyl glycol. A molecule of divinylglycol is incorporated in a poly(acrylic acid) structure which leads to forming the radical, and due to which, the second growth of the poly(acrylic acid) takes place which results in the formation of the cross-linked polymer. The cross-linked polymer is water-insoluble. In carboxylic acid, a strong H-bonding takes place.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.1P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.2P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.3P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.4P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.5P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.6P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.7P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.8P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.9P Ch. 26 - Prob. 26.10P

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Chapter 26 Solutions