The double-stranded DNA sequence code for metenkephalin has to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Base pairing in DNA: The two strands of the DNA double helix run in the opposite directions- one in 5’ to 3’ direction and other from 3’ to 5’ direction. The hydrogen bonding between two strands enhances the stability of the DNA; where the alignment of hydrophobic nitrogenous bases in the interior and hydrophilic phosphate and sugar groups on the exterior also enhance the stability. Adenine and thymine gives a pair forming two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine gives rise to another pair forming three hydrogen bonds. Codon: A sequence of three ribonucleotides in the mRNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid; also a three- nucleotide sequence that is a stop codon and stops translation. Genetic code: The sequence of nucleotides, coded in triplets (codons) in mRNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis. Illustrated relationships are: DNA informational strand : 5’ ATG CCA GTA GGC CAC TTG TCA 3’ DNA Template strand : 3’ TAC GGT CAT CCG GTG AAC AGT 5’ m RNA: 5’ AUG CCA GUA GGC CAC UUG UCA 3’ protein: Met Pro Val Gly His Leu Ser Notice: 5’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the N-terminal amino acid, whereas the 3’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the C-terminal amino acid. Proteins are always written N-terminal to C-terminal, reading left to right.

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Chapter 26, Problem 26.67AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The double-stranded DNA sequence code for metenkephalin has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Base pairing in DNA: The two strands of the DNA double helix run in the opposite directions- one in 5’ to 3’ direction and other from 3’ to 5’ direction. The hydrogen bonding between two strands enhances the stability of the DNA; where the alignment of hydrophobic nitrogenous bases in the interior and hydrophilic phosphate and sugar groups on the exterior also enhance the stability. Adenine and thymine gives a pair forming two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine gives rise to another pair forming three hydrogen bonds.

Codon: A sequence of three ribonucleotides in the mRNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid; also a three-nucleotide sequence that is a stop codon and stops translation.

Genetic code: The sequence of nucleotides, coded in triplets (codons) in mRNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis.

Illustrated relationships are:

**DNA informational strand: 5’ ATG CCA   GTA GGC CAC   TTG   TCA 3’

DNA Template strand:         3’ TAC GGT   CAT CCG GTG   AAC   AGT 5’

mRNA:                                  5’ AUG CCA GUA GGC CAC UUG   UCA 3’

protein:**                                      Met    Pro     Val    Gly     His    Leu      Ser

Notice: 5’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the N-terminal amino acid, whereas the 3’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the C-terminal amino acid. Proteins are always written N-terminal to C-terminal, reading left to right.

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