Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 26, Problem 20TYK
Which of the following is the best description of our current hypothesis of the tree of life?
- a. The tree of life consists of three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
- b. The domain Archaea is known to be the first branch; domains Bacteria and Eukarya are more closely related to each other.
- c. There was substantial horizontal gene transfer between different organisms during the early history of life.
- d. Both a and c represent our current hypothesis.
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Analyses of genomes have allowed researchers to determine that some cells have very small genomes. If you were asked to predict which organisms are likely to have smaller genomes than others, which option below would be MOST likely?
A.
Bacteria that live in plant hosts are likely to have smaller genomes than those that live in animal hosts as it takes a smaller variety of metabolic processes to survive in an animal host.
B.
Although less is known about Archaea than about Bacteria as fewer species have been studied, it is likely that Archaea have smaller genomes on average than Bacteria as they have fewer metabolic needs.
C.
Bacteria that are endosymbionts, living within a host, can survive with smaller genomes than free-living Bacteria because they can rely on their host for many of their needs.
D.
Protists generally have had smaller genomes than Bacteria because Bacteria have such large amounts of noncoding DNA.
All living things are divided into three domains: bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. They have several traits that are specific to each domain or shared across the domains.
Based on this information, what traits would the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) be expected to have?
A. Nuclear envelope, introns in genes, and peptidoglycan in cell walls.
B. Histones associated with DNA, circular chromosome, and peptidoglycan in cell walls.
C. Unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, histones associated with DNA, and introns in genes.
D. Circular chromosome, unbranched hydrocarbons in membrane lipids, and one kind of RNA polymerase.
Which of the following statements is correct? Please select all that apply.
Select one or more:
a.
Parasitism between bacteria and archaea caused complex interactions that eventually gave rise to eukarya.
b.
While bacteria are prokaryotes, archaea are neither prokaryotic, nor eukaryotic but classified as a 3rd cell type.
c.
Prokaryotes are classified further based on whether they are unicellular or multicellular organisms.
d.
The molecular biologies of archaea and eukarya show a greater proportion of similarities than those of eukarya and bacteria.
e.
Prokaryotes could not make photosynthesis until chloroplast endosymbiosis evolution.
f.
The last universal common ancestor most likely had a primitive prokaryotic cell organization.
g.
Endosymbiosis of chloroplast precedes that of mitochondria.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 26 - a. In this hypothetical phylogenetic tree, which...Ch. 26 - What two complications may make it difficult to...Ch. 26 - Place the taxa (outgroup. A, B, C, and D) on the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 4IQCh. 26 - a. Give an example of genes that would be compared...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6IQCh. 26 - Prob. 7IQCh. 26 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 26 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 26 - Prob. 3SYK
Ch. 26 - Related families are grouped into the next-highest...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 26 - A taxon such as the class Reptiliawhich includes...Ch. 26 - You wish to study evolutionary relationships among...Ch. 26 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 26 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 26 - Which of the following approaches would allow a...Ch. 26 - A comparative study of which of the following...Ch. 26 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 26 - Which of the following segments of DNA would...Ch. 26 - Which of the following is the best description of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 21TYK
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- Which of the following statements supports the concept of the endosymbiotic theory? A. Proteins may be trafficked within the endomembrane system. B. Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. C. Chloroplasts have many features in common with bacteria. D. Mitochondria can fuse together to form larger organelles within eukaryotic cells.arrow_forwardThe endosymbiotic theory argues that prokaryotes become some of the organelles of early eukaryotic cells. All of the following support this hypothesis Except: A. The mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and are nearly idential to some free-living prokaryotes b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are nearly idential to some free-living prokaryotes. c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA d. The vacuoles can come and go across the plasma membranearrow_forwardThe endosymbiotic theory explains the:a. origin of the first prokaryotic cells.b. origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotes.c. evolutionary relationship between animals, plants, and fungi.d. method of reproduction in protists.arrow_forward
- In the domain system of classification, prokaryotes are divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. The two domains differ in all BUT one feature. Which feature do they have in common? A. They both thrive in extreme environments. B. They both have prokaryotic cells. C. They both are able to live only under anaerobic conditions. D. They both have identical cell walls.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? A. Archaea and bacteria have identical membrane lipids. B. The cell walls of archaea lack peptidoglycan. C. Prokaryotes have low levels of genetic diversity. D. No archaea are capable of using CO2 to oxidize H2 releasing methane.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? a. All multicelled organisms have cell walls. b. All multicelled organisms are eukaryotic c. All multicelled organisms have cell membranes. d. The nuclei of multicelled organisms are membrane-bound.arrow_forward
- The evolution of eukaryotes was most directly enabled by which of the following? a. Diversification within prokaryotes b. Chemical evolution of organic polymers c. Evolutionary split between prokaryotes and archaea d. Prokaryotic autotrophs increasing atmospheric oxygen e. Decrease of the Earth's surface Which of the following statements is true about ribonucleic acid? I. RNA carries genetic information II. RNA can serve structural and catalytic roles III. Air replicating organisms contain RNA a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and II only e. I, II, and IIIarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is the MOST compelling argument that fungi are more closely related to animals than plants? A. Plants have chloroplasts whereas fungi and animals cells do not. B. Plants fix carbon dioxide from the air; fungi and animals use pre-existing organic molecules. C. The DNA sequences of ribosomal RNA of fungi share more homology with ribosomal RNA from animals than plants. D. Both animal and fungal cells are eukaryotic.arrow_forwardWhich is a piece of evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory? Select all that apply. (Group of answer choices) A. many bacteria are resistant to antibiotics B. eukaryotic cells have cell membranes C. mitochondria have their own DNA D. chloroplast DNA is more similar to cyanobacteria DNA than eukaryotic DNA E. ribosomes are present in eukaryotic cells F. mitochondria must divide to multiply, cells can't build themarrow_forward
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