Chapter 25.5, Problem 1PPA

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanisms of nucleophilic addition of ${\text{H}}^{\text{-}}{\text{ on CH}}_3{\text{COCH}}_3$ and electrophilic substitution of benzene with ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{+}}$ are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Electrophile is a species with a positive charge. It attracts toward negative of partial negative charge. Example of an electrophile, cation such as ${\text{H}}^{+}$

and polar molecule such as $\text{H}$

-atom in $\text{HCl}$

molecule.

Nucleophile is a species with a negative charge. It attracts toward positive of partial positive charge. Example of a nucleophile, anion such as ${\text{Cl}}^{-}$

and polar molecule such as $\text{Cl}$

-atom in $\text{HCl}$

molecule.

Nucleophilic addition is the addition reaction brought about by nucleophiles. It is called a nucleophilic addition reaction. These reactions are typical of aldehyde and ketones.

Addition reactions brought about by electrophiles are called electrophilic substitution. These are typical of alkenes and alkynes.