a) Interpretation: The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated. Concept introduction: In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page. For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned. In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left. To assign: The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Question

For each reaction shown below follow the curved arrows to complete each equationby showing the structure of the products. Identify the acid, the base, the conjugated acid andconjugated base. Consutl the pKa table and choose the direciton theequilibrium goes. However show the curved arrows. Please explain if possible.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

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For each reaction shown below follow the curved arrows to complete each equationby showing the structure of the products. Identify the acid, the base, the conjugated acid andconjugated base. Consutl the pKa table and choose the direciton theequilibrium goes. However show the curved arrows. Please explain if possible.

A molecule shows peaks at 1379, 1327, 1249, 739 cm-1. Draw a diagram of the energy levels for such a molecule. Draw arrows for the possible transitions that could occur for the molecule. In the diagram imagine exciting an electron, what are its various options for getting back to the ground state? What process would promote radiation less decay? What do you expect for the lifetime of an electron in the T1 state? Why is phosphorescence emission weak in most substances? What could you do to a sample to enhance the likelihood that phosphorescence would occur over radiationless decay?

Rank the indicated C—C bonds in increasing order of bond length. Explain as why to the difference.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 6

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 7

Chapter 25.3, Problem 6P

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

In Fischer projections, D sugars have the hydroxyl group on right at the farthest chirality center and L sugars have this hydroxyl group on left.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D sugar or L sugar is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

In Fischer projection formula, a tetrahedral carbon is represented by two crossed lines. The horizontal line represents bonds coming out of the page and vertical lines represent bonds moving in to the page.

For assigning R or S configuration, the four groups attached to the chiral center are arranged in the order of priority by applying sequence rules. The molecule is then oriented in such a way that the group of lowest priority points away from the viewer. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is clockwise then R configuration is assigned. If the arrangement of highest priority to second highest priority to third highest priority is counterclockwise then S configuration is assigned.

To assign:

The configuration as R or S to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and to state whether it is a D sugar or L sugar.

Answer 12

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Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 2P Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 5P Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 7P Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 8P Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the configuration as R or S is to be assigned to each chirality center in the monosaccharide given and whether it is a D or L sugar.

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