(a)
Interpretation:
The reason for the beneficial effects of ADP to ATP and AMP should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The purine
(b)
Interpretation:
The equilibrium constant for adenylate kinase is 1. The reason for this is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The purine nucleotide cycle is a metabolic process, in which aspartate and IMP are converted into ammonia and fumarate to regulate the levels of adenine nucleotides. This cycle is comprised of three biochemical reactions, deamination of AMP to IMP, the formation of adenylosuccinate from IMP, and conversion of adenylosuccinate to AMP and fumarate.
(c)
Interpretation:
The reason for the facilitation of ATP synthesis due to AMP deamination, should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The purine nucleotide cycle is a metabolic process, in which aspartate and IMP are converted into ammonia and fumarate to regulate the levels of adenine nucleotides. This cycle is comprised of three biochemical reactions, deamination of AMP to IMP, the formation of adenylosuccinate from IMP, and conversion of adenylosuccinate to AMP and fumarate.
(d)
Interpretation:
The way by which ATP is synthesized aerobically due to the purine nucleotide cycle, is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The purine nucleotide cycle is a metabolic process, in which aspartate and IMP are converted into ammonia and fumarate to regulate the levels of adenine nucleotides. This cycle is comprised of three biochemical reactions, deamination of AMP to IMP, the formation of adenylosuccinate from IMP, and conversion of adenylosuccinate to AMP and fumarate.

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Chapter 25 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY W/1 TERM ACHEIVE ACCESS
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- fill in the table and identify the general type of reaction catalayzed and an example step from the structures in the second page so you will answer the questions from the first page the second one is just a reference urgently!arrow_forwardPlease draw out the molecular structures of each molecule and show how each enzyme + cofactor would affect the following molecule in the human metabolic pathway. (This is a metabolic map)arrow_forwardPlease draw out the molecular structures of each molecule and show how an enzyme + cofactor would affect the following molecule in the human metabolic pathway to create energy.arrow_forward
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- The mitochondrial ATP synthase has 10 copies of the F0 subunit “c”, and the [H ] in the mitochondrial inner membrane space (IMS) is 6.31 x 10-8 M and the [H + ] in the matrix is 3.16 x 10-9 M. Calculate the minimum membrane potential (∆Ψ) necessary to make ATP synthesis thermodynamically favorable. [Assume ∆G' ofphosphate hydrolysis of ATP is - 45 kJ/mol.]arrow_forwardB- Vitamins are converted readily into important metabolic cofactors. Deficiency in any one of them has serious side effects. a. The disease beriberi results from a vitamin B 1 (Thiamine) deficiency and is characterized by cardiac and neurological symptoms. One key diagnostic for this disease is an increased level of pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate in the bloodstream. How does this vitamin deficiency lead to increased serumlevels of these factors? b. What would you expect the effect on the TCA intermediates for a patient suffering from vitamin B 5 deficiency? c. What would you expect the effect on the TCA intermediates for a patientsuffering from vitamin B 2 /B 3 deficiency?arrow_forwardPyruvate is accepted into the TCA cycle by a “feeder” reaction using the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, resulting in acetyl-CoA and CO2. Provide a full mechanism for this reaction utilizing the TPP cofactor. Include the roles of all cofactors.arrow_forward
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