Two substrates that contribute to the structure of the pyrimidine ring should be determined. Concept introduction: Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic nitrogenous base, which is found in the DNA and RNA. DNA has cytosine and thymine as pyrimidines, and RNA has uracil and cytosine has pyrimidines. It is a six-membered ring that contains two nitrogen atoms at 1 and 3 positions.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two substrates that contribute to the structure of the pyrimidine ring should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic nitrogenous base, which is found in the DNA and RNA. DNA has cytosine and thymine as pyrimidines, and RNA has uracil and cytosine has pyrimidines. It is a six-membered ring that contains two nitrogen atoms at 1 and 3 positions.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (c), aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate. Only two precursors, carbamoyl-P and aspartate are required for the formation of pyrimidine. For all the pyrimidines, only these two precursors are required. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is glutamate and carbamoyl phosphate. Glutamate is the product of the reaction between carbamoyl-phosphate and glutamine amide. Aspartate is the main reactant for the production of pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is aspartate and glutamine. Aspartate and glutamine are used in the production of purine and not for pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glycine and carbamoyl phosphate. Glycine is one of the main substrates used to produce purine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

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The two half reactions for beginning and end of the electron transport chain are given below in standard form. Calculate & for the overall process. Using the Nernst equation (AG° = -n Fo, F= 96.485 kJ/volt mol), calculate AG°. Explain the need for a stepwise process in the electron transport chain. NAD* + H+ + 2 e- = NADH ½ 0г + 2H+ + 2е- = H20 = -0.32v E = +0.82V

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two substrates that contribute to the structure of the pyrimidine ring should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic nitrogenous base, which is found in the DNA and RNA. DNA has cytosine and thymine as pyrimidines, and RNA has uracil and cytosine has pyrimidines. It is a six-membered ring that contains two nitrogen atoms at 1 and 3 positions.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (c), aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate. Only two precursors, carbamoyl-P and aspartate are required for the formation of pyrimidine. For all the pyrimidines, only these two precursors are required. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is glutamate and carbamoyl phosphate. Glutamate is the product of the reaction between carbamoyl-phosphate and glutamine amide. Aspartate is the main reactant for the production of pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is aspartate and glutamine. Aspartate and glutamine are used in the production of purine and not for pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glycine and carbamoyl phosphate. Glycine is one of the main substrates used to produce purine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two substrates that contribute to the structure of the pyrimidine ring should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic nitrogenous base, which is found in the DNA and RNA. DNA has cytosine and thymine as pyrimidines, and RNA has uracil and cytosine has pyrimidines. It is a six-membered ring that contains two nitrogen atoms at 1 and 3 positions.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (c), aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate. Only two precursors, carbamoyl-P and aspartate are required for the formation of pyrimidine. For all the pyrimidines, only these two precursors are required. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is glutamate and carbamoyl phosphate. Glutamate is the product of the reaction between carbamoyl-phosphate and glutamine amide. Aspartate is the main reactant for the production of pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is aspartate and glutamine. Aspartate and glutamine are used in the production of purine and not for pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glycine and carbamoyl phosphate. Glycine is one of the main substrates used to produce purine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two substrates that contribute to the structure of the pyrimidine ring should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic nitrogenous base, which is found in the DNA and RNA. DNA has cytosine and thymine as pyrimidines, and RNA has uracil and cytosine has pyrimidines. It is a six-membered ring that contains two nitrogen atoms at 1 and 3 positions.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (c), aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate. Only two precursors, carbamoyl-P and aspartate are required for the formation of pyrimidine. For all the pyrimidines, only these two precursors are required. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is glutamate and carbamoyl phosphate. Glutamate is the product of the reaction between carbamoyl-phosphate and glutamine amide. Aspartate is the main reactant for the production of pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is aspartate and glutamine. Aspartate and glutamine are used in the production of purine and not for pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glycine and carbamoyl phosphate. Glycine is one of the main substrates used to produce purine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two substrates that contribute to the structure of the pyrimidine ring should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic nitrogenous base, which is found in the DNA and RNA. DNA has cytosine and thymine as pyrimidines, and RNA has uracil and cytosine has pyrimidines. It is a six-membered ring that contains two nitrogen atoms at 1 and 3 positions.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (c), aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate. Only two precursors, carbamoyl-P and aspartate are required for the formation of pyrimidine. For all the pyrimidines, only these two precursors are required. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is glutamate and carbamoyl phosphate. Glutamate is the product of the reaction between carbamoyl-phosphate and glutamine amide. Aspartate is the main reactant for the production of pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is aspartate and glutamine. Aspartate and glutamine are used in the production of purine and not for pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glycine and carbamoyl phosphate. Glycine is one of the main substrates used to produce purine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two substrates that contribute to the structure of the pyrimidine ring should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic nitrogenous base, which is found in the DNA and RNA. DNA has cytosine and thymine as pyrimidines, and RNA has uracil and cytosine has pyrimidines. It is a six-membered ring that contains two nitrogen atoms at 1 and 3 positions.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (c), aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate. Only two precursors, carbamoyl-P and aspartate are required for the formation of pyrimidine. For all the pyrimidines, only these two precursors are required. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is glutamate and carbamoyl phosphate. Glutamate is the product of the reaction between carbamoyl-phosphate and glutamine amide. Aspartate is the main reactant for the production of pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is aspartate and glutamine. Aspartate and glutamine are used in the production of purine and not for pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glycine and carbamoyl phosphate. Glycine is one of the main substrates used to produce purine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Two substrates that contribute to the structure of the pyrimidine ring should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic nitrogenous base, which is found in the DNA and RNA. DNA has cytosine and thymine as pyrimidines, and RNA has uracil and cytosine has pyrimidines. It is a six-membered ring that contains two nitrogen atoms at 1 and 3 positions.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Option (c), aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate. Only two precursors, carbamoyl-P and aspartate are required for the formation of pyrimidine. For all the pyrimidines, only these two precursors are required. Hence, this option is correct.

Answer 12

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is glutamate and carbamoyl phosphate. Glutamate is the product of the reaction between carbamoyl-phosphate and glutamine amide. Aspartate is the main reactant for the production of pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is aspartate and glutamine. Aspartate and glutamine are used in the production of purine and not for pyrimidine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is glycine and carbamoyl phosphate. Glycine is one of the main substrates used to produce purine. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Answer 13

Ch. 25 - Prob. 1P Ch. 25 - Prob. 2P Ch. 25 - Prob. 3P Ch. 25 - Prob. 4P Ch. 25 - Prob. 5P Ch. 25 - Prob. 6P Ch. 25 - Prob. 7P Ch. 25 - Prob. 8P Ch. 25 - Prob. 9P Ch. 25 - Prob. 10P

Concept explainers

Answer to Problem 1P

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 25 Solutions