Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399920
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 25, Problem 26RQ
To determine
The reason for difficulty in making a message that can be understood by alien recipients and the strategies used by scientists to accomplish this.
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When Mars is 90 million km (9 x 10^10 m) from Earth, a) How long would it take for a radio wave from a video camera mounted on the back of a Mars Rover to tell ground control on earth that the Rover is about to go over a cliff? b) How long would it take for a radio signal from Earth to reach the Rover saying "STOP". c) Why do our Mars Rovers have to be "intelligent" enough to figure out how to deal with obstacles themselves?
The Drake equation attempts to calculate the number of communicative civilizations in the galaxy. What does the factor F S represent and why is it considered to be the most uncertain of all the factors in this equation?
A radio broadcast left Earth in 1911. How far in light years has it traveled?
If there is, on average, 1 star system per 400 cubic light years, how many star systems has this broadcast reached?
Assume that the fraction of these star systems that have planets is 0.50 and that, in a given planetary system, the average number of planets that have orbited in the habitable zone for 4 billion years is 0.20. How many possible planets with life could have heard this signal?
Chapter 25 Solutions
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 25 - Explain how astrobiology is a science and not a...Ch. 25 - Describe one special quality of water that makes...Ch. 25 - Mars and Europa are two Solar System bodies that...Ch. 25 - How does the DNA molecule produce a copy of...Ch. 25 - What would happen to a life-form if the genetic...Ch. 25 - What would happen to a life-form if the genetic...Ch. 25 - What would happen to a life-form if the...Ch. 25 - Describe an example of natural selection acting on...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9RQCh. 25 - What evidence do scientists have that life on...
Ch. 25 - Define organic, as in organic molecule. How is...Ch. 25 - Why is liquid water generally considered necessary...Ch. 25 - Some meteorites contain organic molecules. What...Ch. 25 - What is the difference between chemical evolution...Ch. 25 - Prob. 15RQCh. 25 - Why was Earths early atmosphere able to support...Ch. 25 - Molecules of which gas were needed in Earths...Ch. 25 - Does intelligence make a creature more likely to...Ch. 25 - Describe one hypothesis for how cells first...Ch. 25 - What is the evidence that the first organisms on...Ch. 25 - Name three locations in our Solar System to search...Ch. 25 - Why are upper-main-sequence (high-luminosity) host...Ch. 25 - Prob. 23RQCh. 25 - How does the stability of technological...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25RQCh. 25 - Prob. 26RQCh. 25 - Why are scientists confident Earth has never been...Ch. 25 - Why does the Drake equation implicitly assume the...Ch. 25 - A single human cell encloses about 1.5 m of DNA....Ch. 25 - If you represent Earths history by a line that is...Ch. 25 - Consider Figure 25-8. What is the ratio of the...Ch. 25 - Suppose a human generation is defined as the...Ch. 25 - If a star must remain on the main sequence for at...Ch. 25 - Prob. 6PCh. 25 - If you detected radio signals with an average...Ch. 25 - Prob. 8PCh. 25 - The first radio broadcast was made on January 13,...Ch. 25 - Prob. 10PCh. 25 - The DNA in a single cell in your body contains...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2SOPCh. 25 - Look at Figure 25-11. Since the time we sent the...Ch. 25 - The star cluster shown in this image contains a...Ch. 25 - If you could search for life in the galaxy shown...
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- Why are scientists confident Earth has never been visited by aliens?arrow_forwardWhat are the advantages to using radio waves for communication between civilizations that live around different stars? List as many as you can.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between chemical evolution and biological evolution?arrow_forward
- What are the three requirements that scientists believe an environment needs to supply life with in order to be considered habitable?arrow_forwardWhy is life unlikely to be found on the surface of Mars today?arrow_forwardIf we do find life on Mars, what might be some ways to check whether it formed separately from Earth life, or whether exchanges of material between the two planets meant that the two forms of life have a common origin?arrow_forward
- Molecules of which gas were needed in Earths atmosphere for life to evolve from living in the sea to living on the land? Why?arrow_forwardCan someone help explain this from a mathematicssl perspective? Consider a species that occupies a large, but fixed, number of islands. The distribution of the species across all islands is maintained by a balance between local extinctions and local colonization events. Devise a model for the relationship between the fraction of islands occupied by the species and time. Be clear to outline the assumptions you make and be sure to describe your key predictions.arrow_forwardWhy do we think we would be able to decode a message deliberately sent to us by an alien civilization? Group of answer choices The message will probably be in video format, allowing us to watch it even without knowing the alien language. We can assume that aliens will also have 10 fingers and 10 toes and therefore that they can send a message that relies on this fact. They undoubtedly have already received our television broadcasts and would therefore be likely to send the message in English. The aliens presumably know the same laws of mathematics and physics as we do and therefore could develop a simple code based on these laws.arrow_forward
- Which of the following seems least reasonable regarding life on Earth? Group of answer choices There is much scientific evidence suggesting that all creatures living on Earth today appear to have evolved from a common ancestor. Louis Pasteur discredited the concept of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that even bacteria and other microorganisms arise from parents resembling themselves. There is ample physical evidence that the earliest life forms on Earth were multicellular creatures, perhaps resembling some of our primitive fish. When the earth formed some 4.6 billion years ago, it was a lifeless, inhospitable place. Before the mid-17th century, most people believed that God had created humankind and other higher organisms and that insects, frogs, and other small creatures could arise spontaneously in mud or decaying matter About billion years into its development, the Earth it was teeming with organisms resembling blue-green algae.arrow_forwardTutorial A radio broadcast left Earth in 1923. How far in light years has it traveled? If there is, on average, 1 star system per 400 cubic light years, how many star systems has this broadcast reached? Assume that the fraction of these star systems that have planets is 0.50 and that, in a given planetary system, the average number of planets that have orbited in the habitable zone for 4 billion years is 0.40. How many possible planets with life could have heard this signal? Part 1 of 3 To figure out how many light years a signal has traveled we need to know how long since the signal left Earth. If the signal left in 1923, distance in light years = time since broadcast left Earth. d = tnow - broadcast d = 97 97 light years Part 2 of 3 Since the radio signal travels in all directions, it expanded as a sphere with a radius equal to the distance it has traveled so far. To determine the number of star systems this signal has reached, we need to determine the volume of that sphere. V, = Vb…arrow_forwardTutorial A radio broadcast left Earth in 1925. How far in light years has it traveled? If there is, on average, 1 star system per 400 cubic light years, how many star systems has this broadcast reached? Assume that the fraction of these star systems that have planets is 0.30 and that, in a given planetary system, the average number of planets that have orbited in the habitable zone for 4 billion years is 0.85. How many possible planets with life could have heard this signal? Part 1 of 3 To figure out how many light years a signal has traveled we need to know how long since the signal left Earth. If the signal left in 1925, distance in light years = time since broadcast left Earth. d = tnow - tbroadcast d = light years Submit Skip (you cannot come back)arrow_forward
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