Chapter 25, Problem 25.84QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Preparation methods of metal chlorides have to be given.

Concept introduction:

Direct combination: In this method, metals directly reacts with molecular chlorine and produces metal chlorides.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{2X}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + Cl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\to {\text{2XCl}}_{\text{(s)}}\\ \text{X}\text{-}\text{metal}\end{array}$

To give: The preparation of metal chloride by direct combination method

Answer to Problem 25.84QP

The preparation of metal chloride by direct combination method

${\text{2Na}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + Cl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\to {\text{2NaCl}}_{\text{(s)}}$

Explanation of Solution

Preparation of metal chloride

${\text{2Na}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + Cl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\to {\text{2NaCl}}_{\text{(s)}}$

Metal chlorides are prepared by the direct reaction of metals with molecular chlorine.  Metallic sodium reacts with molecular chlorine and gives sodium chloride.

Conclusion

Example for metal chloride preparation by direct combination method was given.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Metals with acids: In this method, metals react with acids and produces metal chlorides.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{X}}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + 2HCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\to {\text{XCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}\left(\text{g}\right)}\\ \text{X}\text{-}\text{metal}\end{array}$

To give: The preparation of metal chloride by the reaction of metals with acids

Answer to Problem 25.84QP

The preparation of metal chloride by the reaction of metal with hydrochloric acid

${\text{2HCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{Mg}}_{\text{(s)}}\to {\text{MgCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(g)}}$

Explanation of Solution

Preparation of metal chloride

${\text{2HCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{Mg}}_{\text{(s)}}\to {\text{MgCl}}_{\text{2(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2(g)}}$

Metal chlorides are prepared by the direct reaction of metals with acids.  Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid and gives magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas.

Conclusion

Example for metal chloride preparation by the reaction of metals with acids was given.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Acid-base neutralization: In this method, metal chlorides are prepared by the neutralization reaction of acids with bases (metal hydroxides).

${\text{acid}}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{base}}_{\text{(aq)}}\to {\text{salt}}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{water}}_{\text{(l)}}$

To give: The preparation of metal chloride by acid – base neutralization reaction

Answer to Problem 25.84QP

The preparation of metal chloride by acid – base neutralization reaction

${\text{HCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{NaOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\to {\text{NaCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Explanation of Solution

Preparation of metal chloride

${\text{HCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{NaOH}}_{\text{(aq)}}\to {\text{NaCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Metal chlorides are prepared by the reaction of acids with bases.  Sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid and gives sodium chloride and water.

Conclusion

Example for metal chloride preparation by the acid – base neutralization reaction was given.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Metal carbonate with hydrochloric acid: In this method, metal chlorides are prepared by the reaction of metal carbonates with acids.

$\begin{array}{l}{\text{XCO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(s)}}{\text{ + 2HCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\to {\text{XCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}\left(\text{g}\right)}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}\left(\text{g}\right)}\\ \text{X}\text{-}\text{metal}\end{array}$

To give: The preparation of metal chloride by the reaction of metal carbonate with hydrochloric acid

Answer to Problem 25.84QP

The preparation of metal chloride by the reaction of metal carbonate with hydrochloric acid

${\text{2HCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(s)}}\to {\text{CaCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}\left(\text{g}\right)}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Explanation of Solution

Preparation of metal chloride

${\text{2HCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{CaCO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(s)}}\to {\text{CaCl}}_{\text{2}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}\left(\text{g}\right)}\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{(l)}}$

Metal chlorides are prepared by the reaction of metal carbonates with hydrochloric acid.  Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid and gives Calcium chloride, carbon dioxide gas and water.

Conclusion

Example for metal chloride preparation by the reaction of metal carbonate with hydrochloric acid was given.

 (e)

Interpretation Introduction

Concept introduction:

Precipitation reaction: In this method, insoluble solid (precipitate) formed by the reaction of cations with anions in solution phase.

To give: The preparation of metal chloride by precipitation reaction method

Answer to Problem 25.84QP

The preparation of metal chloride by precipitation method

${\text{AgNO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{NaCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\to {\text{AgCl}}_{\text{(s)}}\text{+}{\text{NaNO}}_{\text{3}\left(\text{aq}\right)}$

Explanation of Solution

Preparation of metal chloride

${\text{AgNO}}_{\text{3}}{}_{\text{(aq)}}\text{+}{\text{NaCl}}_{\text{(aq)}}\to {\text{AgCl}}_{\text{(s)}}\text{+}{\text{NaNO}}_{\text{3}\left(\text{aq}\right)}$

Metal chlorides are prepared by the precipitation reaction of cations with anions.  Silver nitrate reacts with sodium chloride and gives silver chloride (insoluble solid) and sodium nitrate.

Conclusion

Example for metal chloride preparation by precipitation method was given.