(a) Interpretation: The stereogenic center(s) is to be labeled. Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the compounds in which molecular formula of a compound remains same but positions of different atoms or groups are changed to form new compounds. The stereogenic centers are also known as sterocenters. The stereocenters are carbon atoms on which the interchanging of two atoms or groups results in the formation of new stereoisomers.

Question

MISSED THIS? Read Section 19.9 (Pages 878-881); Watch IWE 19.10 Consider the following reaction: CH3OH(g) CO(g) + 2H2(g) (Note that AG,CH3OH(g) = -162.3 kJ/mol and AG,co(g)=-137.2 kJ/mol.) Part A Calculate AG for this reaction at 25 °C under the following conditions: PCH₂OH Pco PH2 0.815 atm = 0.140 atm 0.170 atm Express your answer in kilojoules to three significant figures. Ο ΑΣΦ AG = -150 Submit Previous Answers Request Answer □? kJ × Incorrect; Try Again; 2 attempts remaining Calculate the free energy change under nonstandard conditions (AGrxn) by using the following relationship: AGrxn = AGrxn + RTInQ, AGxn+RTInQ, where AGxn is the standard free energy change, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature in kelvins, a is the reaction quotient. Provide Feedback Next >

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The stereogenic center(s) is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the compounds in which molecular formula of a compound remains same but positions of different atoms or groups are changed to form new compounds. The stereogenic centers are also known as sterocenters. The stereocenters are carbon atoms on which the interchanging of two atoms or groups results in the formation of new stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Amide(s) that can be reduced to form benzphetamine is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine that can be used to make benzphetamine by reductive amination are to be stated. The possible methods are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The energy of a target molecule should be low because it increases the stability of a molecule that results in the formation of molecules with high yield. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The products which are formed by Hofmann elimination from benzphetamine are to be drawn. The major product is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. Hoffman’s elimination reaction involves the less substituted alkene as a more favourable product, whereas according to Zaitsev rule, more substituted alkenes are considered as the more favourable product.

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MISSED THIS? Read Section 19.9 (Pages 878-881); Watch IWE 19.10 Consider the following reaction: CH3OH(g) CO(g) + 2H2(g) (Note that AG,CH3OH(g) = -162.3 kJ/mol and AG,co(g)=-137.2 kJ/mol.) Part A Calculate AG for this reaction at 25 °C under the following conditions: PCH₂OH Pco PH2 0.815 atm = 0.140 atm 0.170 atm Express your answer in kilojoules to three significant figures. Ο ΑΣΦ AG = -150 Submit Previous Answers Request Answer □? kJ × Incorrect; Try Again; 2 attempts remaining Calculate the free energy change under nonstandard conditions (AGrxn) by using the following relationship: AGrxn = AGrxn + RTInQ, AGxn+RTInQ, where AGxn is the standard free energy change, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature in kelvins, a is the reaction quotient. Provide Feedback Next >

Identify and provide a brief explanation of Gas Chromatography (GC) within the context of chemical analysis of food. Incorporate the specific application name, provide a concise overview of sample preparation methods, outline instrumental parameters and conditions ultilized, and summarise the outcomes and findings achieved through this analytical approach.

Identify and provide a concise explanation of the concept of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the context of chemical analysis. Provide specific examples.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The stereogenic center(s) is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the compounds in which molecular formula of a compound remains same but positions of different atoms or groups are changed to form new compounds. The stereogenic centers are also known as sterocenters. The stereocenters are carbon atoms on which the interchanging of two atoms or groups results in the formation of new stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Amide(s) that can be reduced to form benzphetamine is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine that can be used to make benzphetamine by reductive amination are to be stated. The possible methods are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The energy of a target molecule should be low because it increases the stability of a molecule that results in the formation of molecules with high yield. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The products which are formed by Hofmann elimination from benzphetamine are to be drawn. The major product is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. Hoffman’s elimination reaction involves the less substituted alkene as a more favourable product, whereas according to Zaitsev rule, more substituted alkenes are considered as the more favourable product.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The stereogenic center(s) is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the compounds in which molecular formula of a compound remains same but positions of different atoms or groups are changed to form new compounds. The stereogenic centers are also known as sterocenters. The stereocenters are carbon atoms on which the interchanging of two atoms or groups results in the formation of new stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Amide(s) that can be reduced to form benzphetamine is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine that can be used to make benzphetamine by reductive amination are to be stated. The possible methods are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The energy of a target molecule should be low because it increases the stability of a molecule that results in the formation of molecules with high yield. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The products which are formed by Hofmann elimination from benzphetamine are to be drawn. The major product is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. Hoffman’s elimination reaction involves the less substituted alkene as a more favourable product, whereas according to Zaitsev rule, more substituted alkenes are considered as the more favourable product.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 25, Problem 25.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The stereogenic center(s) is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the compounds in which molecular formula of a compound remains same but positions of different atoms or groups are changed to form new compounds. The stereogenic centers are also known as sterocenters. The stereocenters are carbon atoms on which the interchanging of two atoms or groups results in the formation of new stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Amide(s) that can be reduced to form benzphetamine is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine that can be used to make benzphetamine by reductive amination are to be stated. The possible methods are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The energy of a target molecule should be low because it increases the stability of a molecule that results in the formation of molecules with high yield. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The products which are formed by Hofmann elimination from benzphetamine are to be drawn. The major product is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. Hoffman’s elimination reaction involves the less substituted alkene as a more favourable product, whereas according to Zaitsev rule, more substituted alkenes are considered as the more favourable product.

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Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 25.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The stereogenic center(s) is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the compounds in which molecular formula of a compound remains same but positions of different atoms or groups are changed to form new compounds. The stereogenic centers are also known as sterocenters. The stereocenters are carbon atoms on which the interchanging of two atoms or groups results in the formation of new stereoisomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Amide(s) that can be reduced to form benzphetamine is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine that can be used to make benzphetamine by reductive amination are to be stated. The possible methods are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The energy of a target molecule should be low because it increases the stability of a molecule that results in the formation of molecules with high yield. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The products which are formed by Hofmann elimination from benzphetamine are to be drawn. The major product is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. Hoffman’s elimination reaction involves the less substituted alkene as a more favourable product, whereas according to Zaitsev rule, more substituted alkenes are considered as the more favourable product.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 25.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The stereogenic center(s) is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the compounds in which molecular formula of a compound remains same but positions of different atoms or groups are changed to form new compounds. The stereogenic centers are also known as sterocenters. The stereocenters are carbon atoms on which the interchanging of two atoms or groups results in the formation of new stereoisomers.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 25.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The stereogenic center(s) is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are the compounds in which molecular formula of a compound remains same but positions of different atoms or groups are changed to form new compounds. The stereogenic centers are also known as sterocenters. The stereocenters are carbon atoms on which the interchanging of two atoms or groups results in the formation of new stereoisomers.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Amide(s) that can be reduced to form benzphetamine is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Amide(s) that can be reduced to form benzphetamine is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine that can be used to make benzphetamine by reductive amination are to be stated. The possible methods are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The energy of a target molecule should be low because it increases the stability of a molecule that results in the formation of molecules with high yield. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The carbonyl compound and amine that can be used to make benzphetamine by reductive amination are to be stated. The possible methods are to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. The synthesis of the products relies upon the type of reactants and reagents that are used during the reactions. The energy of a target molecule should be low because it increases the stability of a molecule that results in the formation of molecules with high yield. The reagents perform numerous functions in reactions like proton abstraction, oxidation, reduction, catalysis, and dehydrogenation.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The products which are formed by Hofmann elimination from benzphetamine are to be drawn. The major product is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. Hoffman’s elimination reaction involves the less substituted alkene as a more favourable product, whereas according to Zaitsev rule, more substituted alkenes are considered as the more favourable product.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The products which are formed by Hofmann elimination from benzphetamine are to be drawn. The major product is to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Amines are the derivatives of ammonia consisting of nitrogen atom with the lone pair of electrons. They are basic compounds. Hoffman’s elimination reaction involves the less substituted alkene as a more favourable product, whereas according to Zaitsev rule, more substituted alkenes are considered as the more favourable product.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.1P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.2P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.3P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.4P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.5P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.6P Ch. 25 - Problem 25.7 Draw the product of each...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.8P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.9P Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the stereogenic center(s) in the given compound, which is labeled in figure 1.

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Chapter 25 Solutions