(a)
Interpretation:
The structure of the two isomeric propyl radicals that are formed on hydrogen abstraction from propane by
Concept introduction:
Radicals are species containing an unpaired electron, i.e., they are electron-poor species. Being electron-poor, they are highly unstable, and therefore, highly reactive species. They react with any other species present.
In the case of
Answer to Problem 25.42P
The two alkyl radicals produced when
Explanation of Solution
Propane has two types of hydrogens, one attached to a primary carbon and one to a secondary carbon. The abstraction of the two types of hydrogens will produce two radicals – a primary propyl radical and a secondary propyl radical.
The type of radical produced when
(b)
Interpretation:
The curved arrow notation for the formation of the two isomeric propyl radicals that are formed on hydrogen abstraction from propane by
Concept introduction:
In the case of alkanes, a radical like
Curved arrow notation represents the movement of electron(s) in a reaction or resonance. Movement of a single electron is represented by a curved arrow with a half arrowhead. The arrow starts at the electron and ends on the atom or the region where it moves.
Answer to Problem 25.42P
The curved arrow notation for the formation of the two alkyl radicals produced when
Explanation of Solution
Propane has two types of hydrogens, one attached to a primary carbon and one to a secondary carbon. The abstraction of the two types of hydrogens will produce two radicals – a primary propyl radical and a secondary propyl radical.
The
Thus, the curved arrow representation of the formation of the two radicals can be shown as
The curved arrow representation of the formation of the two radicals is drawn using half arrows on the basis of the type of hydrogen abstracted.
(c)
Interpretation:
The percentage of each propyl radical formed is to be calculated taking into account the different numbers of each type of hydrogen in propane.
Concept introduction:
The ease with which a hydrogen is abstracted from an alkane in its reaction with a radical depends on the relative stability of the type of alkyl radical that is produced. The relative stability of alkyl radicals changes as
The likelihood of abstraction of a particular type of hydrogen from an alkane also increases with the number of hydrogens of that type present in the molecule.
The percentage of formation of a particular type of alkyl radical is calculated from the product of the number of that type of hydrogens present in the molecule and its reactivity.
Answer to Problem 25.42P
The percentages of the
Explanation of Solution
The percentage of formation of each type of alkyl radical is calculated from the product of the number of that type of hydrogens present in the molecule and its reactivity.
There are six primary hydrogens and two secondary hydrogens in propane, and the reactivities of the two types are 1 and 5 respectively.
Thus, the percentages of the
The percentage of each type of radical produced is calculated from the number of hydrogens of each type and their relative reactivities.
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Chapter 25 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
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