1st Edition

ISBN: 9781938168000

Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher: OpenStax College

Concept explainers

Refraction is a change in the direction of light rays when they travel from one medium to another. It is the bending of light when it goes through different media.

Angle of Refraction

Light is considered by many scientists to have dual nature, both particle nature and wave nature. First, Particle nature is one in which we consider a stream of packets of energy called photons. Second, Wave nature is considering light as electromagnetic…

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Diamond, the world’s hardest naturally occurring material and mineral known, is a solid form of the element carbon. The atoms are arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. They exist in a huge variety of colours. Also, they are one of the bes…

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Textbook Question

Chapter 25, Problem 18PE

Construct Your Own Problem

Consider sunlight entering the Earth’s atmosphere at sunrise and sunset−that is, at a 90° incident angle. Taking the boundary between nearly empty space and the atmosphere to be sudden, calculate the angle of refraction for sunlight. This lengthens the time the Sun appears to be above the horizon, both at sunrise and sunset. Now construct a problem in which you determine the angle of refraction (or different models 01 the atmosphere, such as various layers of varying density. Your instructor may wish to guide you on the level of complexity to consider and on how the index at retraction varies with air density.

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Chapter 25, Problem 17PE

Chapter 25, Problem 19PE

Chapter 25 Solutions

College Physics

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