
Concept explainers
To discuss:
Fluid compartments, amount of total body water content in a young adult, and the percentage of intracellular and extracellular fluid compartment.
Introduction:
The proper composition and balance of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base are required to regulate the cellular functions of the body. The urinary, digestive, endocrine, lymphatic, nervous, cardiovascular systems etc. maintain these balances.
Fluid balance: Equal maintenance of fluid gain and loss; and proper distribution of fluid in the body.
Electrolyte balance: Equal maintenance of absorbed electrolytes by the small intestine and loss of electrolytes through urine in the body.
Acid–base balance: Maintenance of the stable body pH.

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Chapter 24 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
- If you transplant trunk neural crest into the cranial neural crest region of a developing embryo, will you see the donor tissue form cartilage? Does the neural crest only give rise to two cells in the developing embryo, and is essential for lamprey to develop their jaw structure? Does a multipotent neural crest cell that is receiving Wnt signals become a Chromaffin cell?arrow_forwardUsing quail and chick embryos, quail-specific antibody and fluorescent tissue-specific antibodies, design an experiment where you investigate the tissues the cranial neural crest can give rise to. What are four derivatives of the cranial neural crest that you expect to see in the resulting chimeric embryos?arrow_forwardDoes the neural crest have to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition prior to migration through the developing embryo? Does the neural crest differentiate into different cell types based on their axial position along the anterior and posterior axis?arrow_forward
- Using quail and chicken embryos, what kind of experiment would you conduct to test if rib forming somites have their axial identity specified before segmentation? How do we know this phenotype is due to axial identity being specified before segmentation and not due to our experimental method?arrow_forward8. Aerobic respiration of a 5 mM solution of tripeptide that is composed of the following three amino acids; alanine, leucine and isoleucine. Alanine breaks down to pyruvate, leucine breaks down to Acetyl-CoA and isoleucine breaks down to succinyl-CoA. Alanine NADH FADH2 OP ATP SLP ATP Total ATP Leucine Isoleucine Totals Show your work using dimensional analysis here: 4arrow_forward9. Aerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available. fatty acids glycerol 18 carbons 12 carbons 0=arrow_forward
- If using animals in medical experiments could save human lives, is it ethical to do so? In your answer, apply at least one ethical theory in support of your position.arrow_forwardYou aim to test the hypothesis that the Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes inhibit each other's expression during limb development. With access to chicken embryos and viruses capable of overexpressing Tbx4 and Tbx5, describe an experiment to investigate whether these genes suppress each other's expression in the limb buds. What results would you expect if they do repress each other? What results would you expect if they do not repress each other?arrow_forwardYou decide to delete Fgf4 and Fgf8 specifically in the limb bud. Explain why you would not knock out these genes in the entire embryo instead.arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning

