Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259277726
Author: Kenneth S. Saladin Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 24, Problem 9TYR
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The inflow of sodium (Na+) ions in the plasma membrane through the membrane channel regulates the depolarization of nervous and muscular systems and their function. It is the main cation present in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and associated with regulation of blood plasma osmolarity. Increased concentration of sodium raises the osmolarity of the blood. Also, it determines the level and distribution of total body water among several fluid compartments. Gradients of Na+ ions across the cell generate potential energy that helps to transport other solutes. Also, it regulates body heat and pH of the ECF.
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Tubular secretion of hydrogen is directlylinked toa. tubular secretion of potassium.b. tubular secretion of sodium.c. tubular reabsorption of potassium.d. tubular reabsorption of sodium.e. tubular secretion of chloride
The renal system responds to alkalosis by
A. Increased secretion of hydrogen ions (H+)
B. Decreased secretion of hydrogen ions (H+)
C. Increased secretion of Sodium (Na+)
D. Decreased secretion of Sodium (Na+)
Indicate the hormone that is NOT regulating urine production.
A. Aldosterone
B. Erythropoietin
C. Antidiuretic hormone
D. Atrial natriuretic peptide
Name the most abundant anions in the extracellular fluid (ECF).
А. НРО
В. C
C. Mg*
D. K
Chapter 24 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Ch. 24.1 - List five routes of water loss. Which one accounts...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 24.1 - Summarize the effect of ADH on total body water...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 24.1 - What it means to be in a state of fluid balanceCh. 24.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 5AYLO
Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 24.1 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 6BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 24.2 - Functions of electrolytes in general: the body's...Ch. 24.2 - Physiological function of sodium; how it is...Ch. 24.2 - Physiological functions of potassium; how it is...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 24.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 24.3 - How the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein buffer...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 24.3 - How the renal tubule secretes acid; why urine is...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 24.3 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 24.3 - The difference between compensated and...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 24 - The greatest percentage of the bodys water is in...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 24 - increases water reabsorption without increasing...Ch. 24 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 24 - The principal determinant of intracellular...Ch. 24 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 24 - Hyperchloremia is most likely to result in a....Ch. 24 - The most abundant cation in the ECF is __________.Ch. 24 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 24 - Water produced by the bodys chemical reactions is...Ch. 24 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 24 - Any abnormal accumulation of fluid in a particular...Ch. 24 - An excessive concentration of potassium ions in...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 24 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 24 - Long-term satiation of thirst depends on a...Ch. 24 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 24 - para-Ch. 24 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 24 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 24 - vol-Ch. 24 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 24 - The phosphate level in the ECF is very crucial to...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 24 - In true dehydration, the body fluids remain...Ch. 24 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 24 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 24 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 24 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 24 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 24 - Prob. 5TYC
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- A urinalysis reveals that the patients urine contains glucose, hemoglobin, and white blood cells (pus). Are any of these substances abnormal in urine? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forward
- Which is the correct answer for kidney from the following statement(s)? Local production of prostaglandin in kidney protects kidney from ischemic injury. a. Sympathetic stimulation has no effect on afferent and efferent arterioles so that kidney is protected from undergoing ischemia. b. Kidney is vulnerable to ischemic injury. C. d. NSAID inhibits production of angiotensin I. Only (a) and (c) are CORRECT e.arrow_forwarda patient with diabetes has been diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. identify the mechanisms by which the body will adapt, CHECK ALL THAT APPLY a. reabsorption of H ions from proximal convoluted tubule b. increased respiratory rate c. decreased filtration of HCO3 in glomerular capsule d. reabsorption of filtered HCO3 from the proximal convoluted tubule e. secretion of H ions by the intercalated cellsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is correct about chloride reabsorption from the loop of Henle? Group of answer choices A. Cl– is reabsorbed to the blood through the channels in the basolateral cell membrane of the thick segment of loop of Henle B. Cl– is reabsorbed through Na–K–2Cl cotransporter in the basolateral membrane of the thick segment of loop of Henle C. Cl– is reabsorbed through chloride/bicarbonate cotransporters D. Some Chloride is allowed through the Para cellular gaps E. Both A and B are correctarrow_forward
- Renin secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arteriole will lead to: A. Decreased plasma volume B. Decreased total body water C. Decreased water intake D. Decreased urine volume E. Decreased cardiac outputarrow_forwardThe result of renal autoregulation is(are): A. Minimize loss of water in urine after an increase of cardiac output B. Minimize decrease of ECF after an increase of cardiac output C. Minimize effect of increased systemic pressure on urine output OD. Minimize loss of sodium in urine after an increase of cardiac output OE. All of the abovearrow_forwardDiuretics cause sodium excretion. Sodium follows water. Therefore, diuretics lead to a reduction in volume (remember BP = heart rate x volume x blood vessel tone (SVR)). Since diuretics lower volume, they lower BP. When would diuretics be indicated? When would they be contraindicated?arrow_forward
- Hypertension is likely to increase the secretion ofa. natriuretic peptide.b. antidiuretic hormone.c. bicarbonate ions.d. aldosterone.e. ammoniaarrow_forwardExtracellular fluids have relatively? A. high sodium and low potassium levels. B .high sodium and high potassium levels. C. higher concentrations of potassium, magnesium, phosphate, and D. sulfate ions. E. low sodium and low potassium levels. F. low sodium and high potassium levels.arrow_forward1.Explain how type B intercalated cells increase the acidity of the blood (figure above). 2. How does the HCO3-/CI-antiport affect the amount of H+ available for reabsorption? 3) Why hyperkalemia often accompanies metabolic acidosis?arrow_forward
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