Chapter 24, Problem 37A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Difference between gamma rays and X-rays needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Isotopes of atoms with unstable nuclei are called radioisotopes. These unstable nuclei release radiation in a process called radioactive decay to achieve more stable atomic configurations. During radioactive decay, unstable atoms lose energy by emitting radiation. The three most common types of radiation are alpha $\left(\text{α}\right)$, beta $\left(\text{β}\right)\text{,}$ and gamma $\left(\text{γ}\right)$.

Answer to Problem 37A

Both $\text{γ}$ rays and X-rays are photons. Energy of $\text{γ}$ ray is higher than X-rays. $\text{γ}$ ray is result due to the radioactive decay whereas X-rays are formed due to excited electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Gamma rays are photons, they are high-energy (short wavelength) electromagnetic radiation. They are represented by $\text{γ}$. As photons have no mass and no charge, hence the emission of gamma rays does not change atomic number or mass number of a nucleus.

X rays are not produced by radioactive sources and their energy is lower than that of gamma rays. X-rays are used to see the broken bones.

Conclusion

Gamma rays penetrate widely. Since they have no charge and no mass, the probability of matter stopping them is low.