Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The mechanism for the synthesis of fatty
Concept Introduction:
Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. The series involves 10 reactions.
Fatty acid conversion to fatty
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Organic Chemistry, Books a la Carte Edition (8th Edition)
- In the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, erythrose-4-phosphate undergoes electrophilic addition to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Draw the products of this step, paying particular attention to regiochemistry. ОН OPOH ОН ? Enzyme Erythrose 4-phosphate Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)arrow_forwardIn the breakdown of fatty acids, we see the activation of a carboxylic acid by its conversion to a amine ester alcohol thioester carbonyl aldehydearrow_forwardIdentify the organic functional group and reaction type for the following reaction. The reactant is a(n) - carboxylic acid hexose - Aldohexose - aldotetrose -deoxyhexose -carboxylic acid tetrose - ketohexose The product is a(n) - carboxylic acid tetrose - aldotetrose -alcohol hexose -aldohexose -carboxylic acid hexose - alcohol tetrose The reaction type is - hemiacetal formation -hydrolysis -oxidation( Benedict’s) -acetal formation -reduction( hydrogenation) - mutarotationarrow_forward
- Imidazoleglycerol‑phosphate dehydratase is an enzyme in the histine biosynthesis pathway. It catalyzes the E1 dehydration of D‑erthyro‑imidazole‑glycerol phosphate to imidazole acetol‑phosphate. This is a rare example of a biological E1 reaction, as most biological elimination reactions occur through E1cB instead. In this reaction, D‑erthyro‑imidazole‑glycerol phosphate is first protonated to form a good leaving group. Then, the leaving group is ejected to form the resonance‑stabilized carbocation shown. Draw curved arrows forming the most stable resonance structure to explain why this reaction goes through an E1 mechanism. Draw curved arrows to form the most stable resonance structure.arrow_forwardThe vitamin Niacin is used to form nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide, which readily shuttles between its oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms. The latter serves as a cellular equivalent to NaBH4. The essential portions of the structures are shown below. Outline a mechanism for the cellular conversion of pyruvate to lactate. (Note: like NaBH4, NADH cannot reduce carboxylic acid carbonyls).arrow_forwardThe hydrolysis of an ester can be sped up by both acidic and basic conditions. Aminolysis of an ester can be sped up by acidic conditions, but not by basic conditions. Explain why.arrow_forward
- Name the enzyme that will catalyze the following reaction of ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde (ethanal). CH3-CH₂-OH + NAD* → CH3-CHO + NADH + H* O alcohol dehydrogenase alcohol hydrolase alcohol isomerase O alcohol transferasearrow_forward5. Oxidation and Reduction Reactions - Product Prediction of the following reactions. OH OEt NADP+ NADPH Draw the organic productsarrow_forwardDraw the product of the following metabolic reaction. HCO3, ATP CH3CSC0A ADP + P₁ + H+ N-Carboxybiotin • Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists. • Consider E/Z stereochemistry of alkenes. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. • Use R1 to represent coenzyme A and acyl carrier protein. The R group tool is located in the charges and lone pairs drop-down menu.arrow_forward
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