Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 2.4, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The number of molecules of a substance in the cell, which has volume of 0.000001 L (liter).
Given:
The concentration of substance is 0.00000001 M (molar) and the volume of cell is 0.000001 L.
Introduction:
There is a constant number of molecules present in one mole, which is represented as
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- In an experiment, a 0.001 (mole fraction) solution of polysaccharide in water is made and is placed in the compartment A (see Figure below). Compartment B is filled with pure water. The two compartments are separated by a porous semi-permeable membrane that allows the exchange of water molecules between the two compartments, but not that of the larger polysaccharide molecules a) Show that the chemical potential of water in compartment A is lower than that in compartment B by 2.48 J/mol. b) As a result of this chemical potential difference, water molecules will move from compartment B to compartment A. This causes the pressure in compartment A, relative to that in B, to increase. How would this affect the chemical potential of water in compartment B? When would the diffusion of water from B to A cease (i.e. equilibrium is achieved)? c) Using your answer to part (b), work out the difference between the pressure in compartment A and B when…arrow_forwardAside from cholesterol, what other chemical components of the cell membrane contributes to its property of being fluid. Explain. NOTE: Please add references from different sources.arrow_forwardOften, complex molecules are described in terms of their atomic masses. But what is more relevant in biology is how they take up space. (For proteins, their shapes are particularly important.) Let's see if we can get an approximate idea of the physical size of a protein molecule by doing various estimations. An important molecule in the internal mechanisms of cells is Actin. This is measured as having a mass of about 42 kDa (= 42,000 Daltons, where 12 Daltons is defined as the mass of a carbon atom). Let's see if we can estimate how big it is using very crude estimates. Of course eventually we will want to know how big it actually is and what its shape is, but getting a scale would help us determine what measurement tools might be appropriate. In order to estimate the size of Actin, we'll first make an estimate of how many atoms it has, then, using the average size of an atom, we'll consider different models of how it might be arranged to get an idea of its size. A. We could look up…arrow_forward
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- Which of the following substances brought into cells by receptor mediated endocytosis? Na+ ion O Cholesterol Glycine Glucosearrow_forwardThe kidneys function to eliminate ammonia from the blood. Based on ammonia’s pK value, what is the molecular form that predominates in the blood? Could this molecule easily diff use through the hydrophobic lipid membrane of a kidney cell? Explain.arrow_forward[#142] How many cells are you? How many cells in a human? Assume that cells have a typical size of about 10 um (1um = 10-6 m) in all directions. And that we are the same density as water, and are made completely of cells (both exaggerations, of course, but fine for an order of magnitude estimate). Hints: What is the volume of a cell? What is the volume of a human? How can these quantities be related to give the number of cells in your body? The shape of the cell is not important in this rough estimate: for instance, the difference in volume fraction between say cubes and close packed spheres is only 26%. Format: When you enter your answer, enter it as a power of 10. For example: for 100000, enter "10^5". We'll use this notation later, too.arrow_forward
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The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license