(a) Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown. Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α − carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester . The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

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A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M. Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth, the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0. Assumptions: Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid H H :0:0: H-C-C H :0: O-H Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water. Temperature is 25°C 1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to include state symbols.…

Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. :0: :0 H. 0:0 :0: :6: S: :0: Select to Edit Arrows ::0 Select to Edit Arrows H :0: H :CI: Rotation Select to Edit Arrows H. < :0: :0: :0: S:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

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Answer 5

Chapter 24, Problem 24.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Answer 6

Chapter 24, Problem 24.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Answer 7

Chapter 24, Problem 24.40P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The starting materials that are needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction are to be shown.

Concept introduction: In crossed claisen condensation reaction, the base abstracts the acidic proton from α− carbon atom of an ester to form enolate. This enolate reacts with carbonyl compound of other ester that leads to the formation of a β-keto ester. The crossed Claisen condensation always takes place between the two different carbonyl compounds.

Answer 14

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.1P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.2P Ch. 24 - Problem 24.3 What unsaturated carbonyl compound is...Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.4P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.5P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.6P Ch. 24 - Problem 24.7 Draw the products formed in each...Ch. 24 - Problem 24.8 Draw the products formed in the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.9P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the starting materials needed to synthesize the given compound by a crossed Claisen reaction.

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