Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305116399
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 24.17P
An infinitely long line charge having a uniform charge per unit length λ lies a distance d from point O as shown in Figure P24.17. Determine the total electric flux through the surface of a sphere of radius R centered
at O resulting from this line charge. Consider both cases, where (a) R< d and (b) R > d.
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
a)
State whether this universe is spatially open, closed or flat.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Hubble factor H(t), and represent it in a (roughly drawn) plot as a function
of time t, starting at t = 0.
[3 marks]
c) Taking galaxy A to be located at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0), determine the proper distance to galaxy
B located at (x, y, z) = (L, 0, 0). Determine the recessional velocity of galaxy B with respect
to galaxy A.
d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
none of the previous. Justify your answer.
f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
a) Determine the components of the metric and of the inverse metric.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Page 2
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in Section A
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-A sub question.]
Question A1
SPA6308 (2024)
Consider Minkowski spacetime in Cartesian coordinates th
=
(t, x, y, z), such that
ds² = dt² + dx² + dy² + dz².
(a) Consider the vector with components V" = (1,-1,0,0). Determine V and V. V.
(b) Consider now the coordinate system x' (u, v, y, z) such that
u =t-x,
v=t+x.
[2 marks]
Write down the line element, the metric, the Christoffel symbols and the Riemann curvature
tensor in the new coordinates. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[5 marks]
(c) Determine V", that is, write the object in question A1.a in the coordinate system x'. Verify
explicitly that V. V is invariant under the coordinate transformation.
Question A2
[5 marks]
Suppose that A, is a covector field, and consider the object
Fv=AAμ.
(a) Show explicitly that F is a tensor, that is, show that it transforms appropriately under a
coordinate transformation.
[5 marks]
(b)…
Chapter 24 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology Update (No access codes included)
Ch. 24 - Suppose a point charge is located at the center of...Ch. 24 - If the net flux through a gaussian surface is...Ch. 24 - A cubical gaussian surface surrounds a long,...Ch. 24 - A coaxial cable consists of a long, straight...Ch. 24 - In which of the following contexts ran Gausss law...Ch. 24 - A particle with charge q is located inside a...Ch. 24 - Charges of 3.00 nC, -2.00 nC, -7.00 nC, and 1.00...Ch. 24 - A large, metallic, spherical shell has no net...Ch. 24 - Two solid spheres, both of radius 5 cm. carry...Ch. 24 - A uniform electric field of 1.00 N/C is set up by...
Ch. 24 - A solid insulating sphere of radius 5 cm carries...Ch. 24 - A cubical gaussian surface is bisected by a large...Ch. 24 - Rank the electric fluxes through each gaussian...Ch. 24 - Consider an electric field that is uniform in...Ch. 24 - A cubical surface surrounds a point charge q...Ch. 24 - A uniform electric field exists in a region of...Ch. 24 - If the total charge inside a closed surface is...Ch. 24 - Explain why the electric flux through a closed...Ch. 24 - If more electric field lines leave a gaussian...Ch. 24 - A person is placed in a large, hollow, metallic...Ch. 24 - Consider two identical conducting spheres whose...Ch. 24 - A common demonstration involves charging a rubber...Ch. 24 - On the basis of the repulsive nature of the force...Ch. 24 - The Sun is lower in the sky during the winter than...Ch. 24 - A flat surface of area 3.20 m2 is rotated in a...Ch. 24 - A vertical electric field of magnitude 2.00 104...Ch. 24 - A 40.0-cm-diameter circular loop is rotated in a...Ch. 24 - Consider a closed triangular box resting within a...Ch. 24 - An electric field of magnitude 3.50 kN/C is...Ch. 24 - A nonuniform electric field is given by the...Ch. 24 - An uncharged, nonconducting, hollow sphere of...Ch. 24 - Find the net electric flux through the spherical...Ch. 24 - The following charges are located inside a...Ch. 24 - The electric field everywhere on the surface of a...Ch. 24 - Four closed surfaces, S1 through S4 together with...Ch. 24 - A charge of 170 C is at the center of a cube of...Ch. 24 - In the air over a particular region at an altitude...Ch. 24 - A particle with charge of 12.0 C is placed at the...Ch. 24 - (a) Find the net electric flux through the cube...Ch. 24 - (a) A panicle with charge q is located a distance...Ch. 24 - An infinitely long line charge having a uniform...Ch. 24 - Find the net electric flux through (a) the closed...Ch. 24 - A particle with charge Q = 5.00 C is located at...Ch. 24 - A particle with charge Q is located at the center...Ch. 24 - A particle with charge Q is located a small...Ch. 24 - Figure P23.23 represents the top view of a cubic...Ch. 24 - In nuclear fission, a nucleus of uranium-238,...Ch. 24 - The charge per unit length on a long, straight...Ch. 24 - A 10.0-g piece of Styrofoam carries a net charge...Ch. 24 - Determine the magnitude of the electric field at...Ch. 24 - A large, flat, horizontal sheet of charge has a...Ch. 24 - Suppose you fill two rubber balloons with air,...Ch. 24 - Consider a thin, spherical shell of radius 14.0 cm...Ch. 24 - A nonconducting wall carries charge with a uniform...Ch. 24 - A uniformly charged, straight filament 7.00 m in...Ch. 24 - Assume the magnitude of the electric field on each...Ch. 24 - Consider a long, cylindrical charge distribution...Ch. 24 - A cylindrical shell of radius 7.00 cm and length...Ch. 24 - A solid sphere of radius 40.0 cm has a total...Ch. 24 - Review. A particle with a charge of 60.0 nC is...Ch. 24 - A long, straight metal rod has a radius of 5.00 cm...Ch. 24 - Why is the following situation impossible? A solid...Ch. 24 - A solid metallic sphere of radius a carries total...Ch. 24 - A positively charged panicle is at a distance R/2...Ch. 24 - A very large, thin, flat plate of aluminum of area...Ch. 24 - In a certain region of space, the electric field...Ch. 24 - Two identical conducting spheres each having a...Ch. 24 - A square plate of copper with 50.0-cm sides has no...Ch. 24 - A long, straight wire is surrounded by a hollow...Ch. 24 - A thin, square, conducting plate 50.0 cm on a side...Ch. 24 - A solid conducting sphere of radius 2.00 cm has a...Ch. 24 - Consider a plane surface in a uniform electric...Ch. 24 - Find the electric flux through the plane surface...Ch. 24 - A hollow, metallic, spherical shell has exterior...Ch. 24 - A sphere of radius R = 1.00 m surrounds a particle...Ch. 24 - A sphere of radius R surrounds a particle with...Ch. 24 - A very large conducting plate lying in the xy...Ch. 24 - A solid, insulating sphere of radius a has a...Ch. 24 - A solid insulating sphere of radius a = 5.00 cm...Ch. 24 - Two infinite, nonconducting sheets of charge are...Ch. 24 - For the configuration shown in Figure P24.45,...Ch. 24 - An insulating solid sphere of radius a has a...Ch. 24 - A uniformly charged spherical shell with positive...Ch. 24 - An insulating solid sphere of radius a has a...Ch. 24 - A slab of insulating material has a nonuniform...Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.62CPCh. 24 - A dosed surface with dimensions a = b= 0.400 111...Ch. 24 - A sphere of radius 2a is made of a nonconducting...Ch. 24 - A spherically symmetric charge distribution has a...Ch. 24 - A solid insulating sphere of radius R has a...Ch. 24 - An infinitely long insulating cylinder of radius R...Ch. 24 - A particle with charge Q is located on the axis of...Ch. 24 - Review. A slab of insulating material (infinite in...
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