Analyze each reaction by considering the functional groups that change, the coenzyme or other reactant, and the name of the enzyme.

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 24, Problem 23P

Analyze each reaction by considering the functional groups that change, the coenzyme or other reactant, and the name of the enzyme.
Chapter 24, Problem 23P, Analyze each reaction by considering the functional groups that change, the coenzyme or other

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase should be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer to Problem 23P

The oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA in the presence of an enzyme β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 1

In the given reaction oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA. In this reaction hydroxyl group changes to ketone group that means oxidation is taking place. The reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme known as β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase which reduces NAD+ to NADH + H⁺. Hence, the reaction is said to be oxidation reaction.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase needs to be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer to Problem 23P

The introduction of phosphate group is taking place with the help of Phosphoenolpyruvate enzyme.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 2

The reactant in the following above reaction is phosphorylating with GTP to produce phosphoenolpyruvate and GDP. Phosphoenolpyruvate (acts as an enzyme) catalyzes the reaction and removes carbon dioxide. And addition of phosphate group also takes place in the reaction.

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You may wish to address the following issues in your response if they are pertinent to the reaction(s) you propose to employ:1) Chemoselectivity (why this functional group and not another?) 2) Regioselectivity (why here and not there?) 3) Stereoselectivity (why this stereoisomer?) 4) Changes in oxidation state. Please make it in detail and draw it out too in what step what happens. Thank you for helping me!

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 24, Problem 23P

Analyze each reaction by considering the functional groups that change, the coenzyme or other reactant, and the name of the enzyme.
Chapter 24, Problem 23P, Analyze each reaction by considering the functional groups that change, the coenzyme or other

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase should be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer to Problem 23P

The oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA in the presence of an enzyme β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 1

In the given reaction oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA. In this reaction hydroxyl group changes to ketone group that means oxidation is taking place. The reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme known as β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase which reduces NAD+ to NADH + H⁺. Hence, the reaction is said to be oxidation reaction.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase needs to be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer to Problem 23P

The introduction of phosphate group is taking place with the help of Phosphoenolpyruvate enzyme.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 2

The reactant in the following above reaction is phosphorylating with GTP to produce phosphoenolpyruvate and GDP. Phosphoenolpyruvate (acts as an enzyme) catalyzes the reaction and removes carbon dioxide. And addition of phosphate group also takes place in the reaction.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 24, Problem 23P

Analyze each reaction by considering the functional groups that change, the coenzyme or other reactant, and the name of the enzyme.
Chapter 24, Problem 23P, Analyze each reaction by considering the functional groups that change, the coenzyme or other

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase should be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer to Problem 23P

The oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA in the presence of an enzyme β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 1

In the given reaction oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA. In this reaction hydroxyl group changes to ketone group that means oxidation is taking place. The reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme known as β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase which reduces NAD+ to NADH + H⁺. Hence, the reaction is said to be oxidation reaction.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase needs to be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer to Problem 23P

The introduction of phosphate group is taking place with the help of Phosphoenolpyruvate enzyme.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 2

The reactant in the following above reaction is phosphorylating with GTP to produce phosphoenolpyruvate and GDP. Phosphoenolpyruvate (acts as an enzyme) catalyzes the reaction and removes carbon dioxide. And addition of phosphate group also takes place in the reaction.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 24, Problem 23P

Analyze each reaction by considering the functional groups that change, the coenzyme or other reactant, and the name of the enzyme.
Chapter 24, Problem 23P, Analyze each reaction by considering the functional groups that change, the coenzyme or other

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase should be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer to Problem 23P

The oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA in the presence of an enzyme β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 1

In the given reaction oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA. In this reaction hydroxyl group changes to ketone group that means oxidation is taking place. The reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme known as β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase which reduces NAD+ to NADH + H⁺. Hence, the reaction is said to be oxidation reaction.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase needs to be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer to Problem 23P

The introduction of phosphate group is taking place with the help of Phosphoenolpyruvate enzyme.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 2

The reactant in the following above reaction is phosphorylating with GTP to produce phosphoenolpyruvate and GDP. Phosphoenolpyruvate (acts as an enzyme) catalyzes the reaction and removes carbon dioxide. And addition of phosphate group also takes place in the reaction.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase should be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer to Problem 23P

The oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA in the presence of an enzyme β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 1

In the given reaction oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA. In this reaction hydroxyl group changes to ketone group that means oxidation is taking place. The reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme known as β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase which reduces NAD+ to NADH + H⁺. Hence, the reaction is said to be oxidation reaction.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase needs to be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer to Problem 23P

The introduction of phosphate group is taking place with the help of Phosphoenolpyruvate enzyme.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 2

The reactant in the following above reaction is phosphorylating with GTP to produce phosphoenolpyruvate and GDP. Phosphoenolpyruvate (acts as an enzyme) catalyzes the reaction and removes carbon dioxide. And addition of phosphate group also takes place in the reaction.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase should be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer to Problem 23P

The oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA in the presence of an enzyme β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 1

In the given reaction oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA. In this reaction hydroxyl group changes to ketone group that means oxidation is taking place. The reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme known as β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase which reduces NAD+ to NADH + H⁺. Hence, the reaction is said to be oxidation reaction.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase should be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 23P

The oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA in the presence of an enzyme β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase.

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 1

In the given reaction oxidation of β-hydroxy acyl CoA to form β -keto acyl CoA. In this reaction hydroxyl group changes to ketone group that means oxidation is taking place. The reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme known as β-hydroxy acyl CoA dehydrogenase which reduces NAD+ to NADH + H⁺. Hence, the reaction is said to be oxidation reaction.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase needs to be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer to Problem 23P

The introduction of phosphate group is taking place with the help of Phosphoenolpyruvate enzyme.

Explanation of Solution

The reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 2

The reactant in the following above reaction is phosphorylating with GTP to produce phosphoenolpyruvate and GDP. Phosphoenolpyruvate (acts as an enzyme) catalyzes the reaction and removes carbon dioxide. And addition of phosphate group also takes place in the reaction.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase needs to be analyzed by taking consideration of the functional groups that can change reactant or coenzyme and name of enzyme.

Concept Introduction:

The catalysts which drives the rate of reaction are known as enzymes. Most of the catalyst are made up of proteins (chain of amino acids) which accelerate the rate of reactions in chemical system.

Answer 20

Answer to Problem 23P

The introduction of phosphate group is taking place with the help of Phosphoenolpyruvate enzyme.

Answer 21

Explanation of Solution

The reaction is represented as follows:

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition, Chapter 24, Problem 23P , additional homework tip 2

The reactant in the following above reaction is phosphorylating with GTP to produce phosphoenolpyruvate and GDP. Phosphoenolpyruvate (acts as an enzyme) catalyzes the reaction and removes carbon dioxide. And addition of phosphate group also takes place in the reaction.