FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 2818440046582
Author: Martini
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 24, Problem 21RQ
What two positive feedback loops are involved in the defecation reflex?
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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine:
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate.
SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.
2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0
Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…
The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?
Chapter 24 Solutions
FUNDAMENTALS OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 24 - Prob. 1CPCh. 24 - Prob. 2CPCh. 24 - Prob. 3CPCh. 24 - Prob. 4CPCh. 24 - Name the layers of the gastrointestinal tract...Ch. 24 - Which is more efficient in propelling intestinal...Ch. 24 - Prob. 7CPCh. 24 - Prob. 8CPCh. 24 - Prob. 9CPCh. 24 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 24 - Prob. 11CPCh. 24 - Prob. 12CPCh. 24 - Prob. 13CPCh. 24 - Name the structure connecting the pharynx to the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 15CPCh. 24 - Identify the muscles associated with the pharynx...Ch. 24 - What is occurring when the soft palate and larynx...Ch. 24 - Name the four major regions of the stomach.Ch. 24 - Prob. 19CPCh. 24 - Prob. 20CPCh. 24 - Prob. 21CPCh. 24 - The digestion of which nutrient would be most...Ch. 24 - Prob. 23CPCh. 24 - Prob. 24CPCh. 24 - Name the three regions of the small intestine from...Ch. 24 - Prob. 26CPCh. 24 - Prob. 27CPCh. 24 - How would the pH of the intestinal contents be...Ch. 24 - Prob. 29CPCh. 24 - Name some major histological differences between...Ch. 24 - Prob. 31CPCh. 24 - Prob. 32CPCh. 24 - Prob. 33CPCh. 24 - Prob. 34CPCh. 24 - Prob. 35CPCh. 24 - Prob. 36CPCh. 24 - Prob. 37CPCh. 24 - What body systems may be affected by inadequate...Ch. 24 - The enzymatic breakdown of large molecules into...Ch. 24 - Prob. 2RQCh. 24 - Prob. 3RQCh. 24 - Prob. 4RQCh. 24 - Prob. 5RQCh. 24 - Prob. 6RQCh. 24 - Prob. 7RQCh. 24 - Prob. 8RQCh. 24 - Prob. 9RQCh. 24 - Prob. 10RQCh. 24 - Prob. 11RQCh. 24 - Prob. 12RQCh. 24 - Prob. 13RQCh. 24 - Prob. 14RQCh. 24 - Prob. 15RQCh. 24 - What three basic mechanisms regulate the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 17RQCh. 24 - What are the primary digestive functions of the...Ch. 24 - Prob. 19RQCh. 24 - What are the three primary functions of the large...Ch. 24 - What two positive feedback loops are involved in...Ch. 24 - Prob. 22RQCh. 24 - Prob. 23RQCh. 24 - Prob. 24RQCh. 24 - Through which layers of a molar would an oral...Ch. 24 - Prob. 26RQCh. 24 - Prob. 27RQCh. 24 - Prob. 28RQCh. 24 - Some people with gallstones develop pancreatitis....Ch. 24 - Prob. 30RQCh. 24 - A condition known as lactose intolerance is...Ch. 24 - Prob. 32RQCh. 24 - Prob. 1CCCh. 24 - Prob. 2CC
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