Human Anatomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135168059
Author: Marieb, Elaine Nicpon, Brady, Patricia, Mallatt, Jon
Publisher: Pearson Education, Inc.,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 10CYU
Why are urinary tract infections more common in females than in males?
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 24 Solutions
Human Anatomy
Ch. 24 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 24 - Describe the location of the kidneys in reference...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 24 - Which parts of the nephron are located in the...Ch. 24 - Which mechanism in the formation of urine involves...Ch. 24 - What structure in the kidney function in...Ch. 24 - Distinguish the ureter from the urethra.Ch. 24 - Prob. 8CYUCh. 24 - Which urethral sphincter is innervated by somatic...Ch. 24 - Why are urinary tract infections more common in...
Ch. 24 - Which embryonic germ layer forms the metanephric...Ch. 24 - What is a cloaca? (Birds have a cloaca, which is...Ch. 24 - The inferior border of the right kidney is at the...Ch. 24 - The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from...Ch. 24 - Which of the following structures occurs...Ch. 24 - Which of the following extend into the renal...Ch. 24 - The arrangement of the major blood vessels and...Ch. 24 - The part of the nephron whose epithelial cells...Ch. 24 - The only part of the nephron that originates from...Ch. 24 - The main function of the transitional epithelium...Ch. 24 - Jim was standing at a urinal in a crowded public...Ch. 24 - A major function of the collecting ducts is (a)...Ch. 24 - Urine passes downward through the ureters by which...Ch. 24 - Parasympathetic stimulation of the bladder causes...Ch. 24 - Follow the path of filtrate from production in the...Ch. 24 - Match the renal vessels listed in column B with...Ch. 24 - Name the layers of fat and fascia around the...Ch. 24 - Pairs of urinary structures that are often...Ch. 24 - Trace the path taken by the renal filtrate (and...Ch. 24 - (a) Describe the basic process and purpose of...Ch. 24 - List all the layers of the filtration membrane in...Ch. 24 - Name (a) the four angles of the empty bladder and...Ch. 24 - Define micturition, add describe its neural...Ch. 24 - Describe the changes that occur in the anatomy and...Ch. 24 - How does the path of the ureters through the...Ch. 24 - Review the types of epithelium found throughout...Ch. 24 - People at risk for developing bladder cancer are...Ch. 24 - What is cystitis? Why do women suffer from...Ch. 24 - Hattie, aged 55, is awakened by excruciating pain...Ch. 24 - Prob. 4CRCAQCh. 24 - Maliki, a radiologist, was examining a pyelogram...Ch. 24 - Why should parents teach their young daughters to...
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