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Human Anatomy
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780135168059
Author: Marieb, Elaine Nicpon, Brady, Patricia, Mallatt, Jon
Publisher: Pearson Education, Inc.,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 5CYU
Which mechanism in the formation of urine involves the glomerular capillaries? Which mechanisms involve the peritubular capillaries?
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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine:
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
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2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0
Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…
The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?
Chapter 24 Solutions
Human Anatomy
Ch. 24 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 24 - Describe the location of the kidneys in reference...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 24 - Which parts of the nephron are located in the...Ch. 24 - Which mechanism in the formation of urine involves...Ch. 24 - What structure in the kidney function in...Ch. 24 - Distinguish the ureter from the urethra.Ch. 24 - Prob. 8CYUCh. 24 - Which urethral sphincter is innervated by somatic...Ch. 24 - Why are urinary tract infections more common in...
Ch. 24 - Which embryonic germ layer forms the metanephric...Ch. 24 - What is a cloaca? (Birds have a cloaca, which is...Ch. 24 - The inferior border of the right kidney is at the...Ch. 24 - The capillaries of the glomerulus differ from...Ch. 24 - Which of the following structures occurs...Ch. 24 - Which of the following extend into the renal...Ch. 24 - The arrangement of the major blood vessels and...Ch. 24 - The part of the nephron whose epithelial cells...Ch. 24 - The only part of the nephron that originates from...Ch. 24 - The main function of the transitional epithelium...Ch. 24 - Jim was standing at a urinal in a crowded public...Ch. 24 - A major function of the collecting ducts is (a)...Ch. 24 - Urine passes downward through the ureters by which...Ch. 24 - Parasympathetic stimulation of the bladder causes...Ch. 24 - Follow the path of filtrate from production in the...Ch. 24 - Match the renal vessels listed in column B with...Ch. 24 - Name the layers of fat and fascia around the...Ch. 24 - Pairs of urinary structures that are often...Ch. 24 - Trace the path taken by the renal filtrate (and...Ch. 24 - (a) Describe the basic process and purpose of...Ch. 24 - List all the layers of the filtration membrane in...Ch. 24 - Name (a) the four angles of the empty bladder and...Ch. 24 - Define micturition, add describe its neural...Ch. 24 - Describe the changes that occur in the anatomy and...Ch. 24 - How does the path of the ureters through the...Ch. 24 - Review the types of epithelium found throughout...Ch. 24 - People at risk for developing bladder cancer are...Ch. 24 - What is cystitis? Why do women suffer from...Ch. 24 - Hattie, aged 55, is awakened by excruciating pain...Ch. 24 - Prob. 4CRCAQCh. 24 - Maliki, a radiologist, was examining a pyelogram...Ch. 24 - Why should parents teach their young daughters to...
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