a) The first step in the preparation of Hagemann’s ester, an aldol-like condensation between ethylacetoacetate and formaldehyde to produce a α, β-unsaturated product and the structure of the product is to be shown. b) The structure of the product obtained in the second step which is a Michael reaction between the product of the first step and ethyl acetoactate is to be given. Concept introduction: In the first step in the preparation of Hagemann’s ester involving a mixed aldol like condensation reaction, ethyl acetoacetate yields an enolate anion which attacks formaldehyde to yield an α, β-unsaturated product. In the second step α, β-unsaturated product obtained in the first step acts as a donor and ethyl acetoacetate acts as the acceptor (Michael reaction) to yield the product. To give: a) The first step in the preparation of Hagemann’s ester, an aldol-like condensation between ethylacetoacetate and formaldehyde to produce α, β-unsaturated product and the structure of the product. b) The structure of the product obtained in the second step which is a Michael reaction between the product of the first step and ethyl acetoactate.

Question

Identifying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects on benzene For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Inductive Effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density Molecule CF3 O donating O donating O withdrawing O withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene CH3 O donating O withdrawing O no inductive effects O donating O withdrawing Ono resonance effects O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene Explanation Check Х © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center

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Chapter 23.SE, Problem 71AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

a) The first step in the preparation of Hagemann’s ester, an aldol-like condensation between ethylacetoacetate and formaldehyde to produce a α, β-unsaturated product and the structure of the product is to be shown.

b) The structure of the product obtained in the second step which is a Michael reaction between the product of the first step and ethyl acetoactate is to be given.

Concept introduction:

In the first step in the preparation of Hagemann’s ester involving a mixed aldol like condensation reaction, ethyl acetoacetate yields an enolate anion which attacks formaldehyde to yield an α, β-unsaturated product.

In the second step α, β-unsaturated product obtained in the first step acts as a donor and ethyl acetoacetate acts as the acceptor (Michael reaction) to yield the product.

To give:

a) The first step in the preparation of Hagemann’s ester, an aldol-like condensation between ethylacetoacetate and formaldehyde to produce α, β-unsaturated product and the structure of the product.

b) The structure of the product obtained in the second step which is a Michael reaction between the product of the first step and ethyl acetoactate.

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