ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 4/E PAC 1 SEMESTER
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781265061173
Author: McKinley
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 23.6, Problem 29WDYL
Given the same partial pressure for oxygen and carbon dioxide, which respiratory gas enters a water solution more readily? Explain using Henry’s law.
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Given the same partial pressure for oxygen and carbon dioxide, which respiratory gas enters a water solution more readily? Explain using Henry’s law.
Using the full and simplified versions of the alveolar gas equation, determine the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli for an oxygen partial pressure of 160 mm Hg in the alveoli, a total pressure of 810 mm Hg, a partial pressure of oxygen in the surrounding air of 204 mm Hg, and a respiratory exchange ratio of 0.8. And provide one reason why this equation is essential for clinicians in a hospital setting. In your answer, comment on calculation/computation compared to accurately measure this value inside an individual alveoli.
Calculate the expiratory reserve volume and residual volume from the following set of values (EC): Vital capacity 4900ml; total lung capacity 6400ml; inspiratory capacity 3800ml.
Chapter 23 Solutions
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 4/E PAC 1 SEMESTER
Ch. 23.1 - Which respiratory structure is associated with the...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 2WDYLCh. 23.1 - In what ways does the epithelium of the upper...Ch. 23.2 - What changes occur to inhaled air as it passes...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 5WDYLCh. 23.2 - What two regions of the pharynx contain tonsils?...Ch. 23.2 - How does the larynx assist in increasing abdominal...Ch. 23.2 - What are the three unpaired cartilages in the...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 9WDYLCh. 23.3 - What is the function of the C-shaped tracheal...
Ch. 23.3 - What are the significant structural differences...Ch. 23.3 - Which of the following respiratory structures are...Ch. 23.3 - The respiratory tract can be damaged from...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 14WDYLCh. 23.3 - Prob. 15WDYLCh. 23.4 - Match the component of the ling with its air...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 17WDYLCh. 23.4 - What is the function of serous fluid within the...Ch. 23.4 - Why is the intrapleural pressure normally lower...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 20WDYLCh. 23.5 - Describe the sequence of events of quiet...Ch. 23.5 - How are larger amounts of air moved between the...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 23WDYLCh. 23.5 - Which of the following stimuli will cause an...Ch. 23.5 - Are the skeletal muscles of breathing innervated...Ch. 23.5 - The two factors that determine airflow are the...Ch. 23.5 - A person in yoga class is encouraged to take long,...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 28WDYLCh. 23.6 - Given the same partial pressure for oxygen and...Ch. 23.6 - How do the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon...Ch. 23.6 - Prob. 31WDYLCh. 23.6 - How do the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon...Ch. 23.7 - Why is such a small percentage (about 2%) of...Ch. 23.7 - How is the majority of carbon dioxide transported...Ch. 23.7 - How does oxygen movement occur during alveolar gas...Ch. 23.7 - How does carbon dioxide movement occur during...Ch. 23.7 - Does hemoglobin saturation increase or decrease...Ch. 23.7 - How is oxygen release from hemoglobin during...Ch. 23.8 - How does blood PO2 and PCO2 change if an...Ch. 23.8 - How does blood PO2 and PCO2 change during...Ch. 23.8 - Prob. 41WDYLCh. 23 - Prob. 1DYKBCh. 23 - Prob. 2DYKBCh. 23 - Prob. 3DYKBCh. 23 - Prob. 4DYKBCh. 23 - Prob. 5DYKBCh. 23 - Which areas of the brain contain the respiratory...Ch. 23 - Prob. 7DYKBCh. 23 - Prob. 8DYKBCh. 23 - Prob. 9DYKBCh. 23 - Prob. 10DYKBCh. 23 - Explain how the respiratory tract is organized...Ch. 23 - Describe the relationship of the visceral pleura,...Ch. 23 - List the four processes of respiration, in order,...Ch. 23 - Describe the muscles, volume changes, and pressure...Ch. 23 - Explain how additional air is moved during a...Ch. 23 - Describe bow quiet breathing is controlled by the...Ch. 23 - Explain alveolar and systemic gas exchange.Ch. 23 - List the two means by which oxygen is transported...Ch. 23 - Describe the relationship of PCO2 and hemoglobin...Ch. 23 - List the variables that increase the release of...Ch. 23 - Paramedics arrived at a car accident to find an...Ch. 23 - Use the following to answer questions 24....Ch. 23 - Use the following to answer questions 24....Ch. 23 - Use the following to answer questions 24....Ch. 23 - Prob. 5CALCh. 23 - Prob. 1CSLCh. 23 - The nerve to the sternocleidomastoid muscle was...Ch. 23 - Prob. 3CSL
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- What are some advantages of gas exchange in air over gas exchange in water?arrow_forwardExplain what a partial pressure gradient is and how such gradients figure in gas exchange.arrow_forwardWhich of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing? residual volume tidal volume expiratory reserve volume inspiratory reserve volumearrow_forward
- Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure. low; high low; low high; high high; lowarrow_forwardHelium gas is maintained at a partial pressure in alveolar gas of PHe,alv= 10 mmHg. Blood flow through the lungs is 5 L/min, the permeability surface area of the alveolar blood-gas barrier is PHe,M S= 100 mL/s, and Bunsen solubility coefficients for He in blood and barrier are a*He,blood= 0.008 mL He/(mL blood* atm) and a*He,M= 0.08 mL He/(ml blood* atm), respectively. Helium is not present in the inlet blood. Find the He flow across the microvascular barrier of the lung. Compare this with the maximum helium exchange for very high flow rates (diffusion limited). Compare the result in part (a) with the He flow when the permeability is very high (flow- limited).arrow_forwardDefine tidal volume and residual volume and discuss why they are important in maintaining normal oxygenation. How does gas trapping alter residual volume?arrow_forward
- A person breathing room air has an alveolar PO2 of 105 mmHg and an arterial PO2 of 80 mmHg. Could hypoventilation due to, say, respiratory muscle weakness produce these values?arrow_forwardUse the following scenario for the next question: After a normal inspiration, Mary’s normal expiration was 400 mls. Following a normal expiration, she was able to expel an additional 800 mls. Taking as deep a breath as possible and forcefully exhaling all air possible yielded an output of 2.4 L. (Note: 1L = 1000ml) A. What is Mary’s TV? Explain how you arrived at your answer. Be sure to include units (use either liters, milliliters or cubic centimeters). B. What is Mary’s expiratory reserve volume? Explain how you arrived at your answer. Be sure to include units. C. What is Mary’s inspiratory reserve volume? Explain how you arrived at your answer. Be sure to include units.arrow_forwardA chemistry student accidentally spills chlorine bleach into a dilute acid. The mixture reacts and produces fumes that are inhaled by the student and that reduce his ventilation. Assume that the gaseous chemical produced is a base (i.e., it releases OH- in an aqueous solution), and that the chemical is absorbed into the bloodstream at the alveoli. Explain why ventilation is reduced in the patient.arrow_forward
- Use the respiratory rate values listed below to fill-in the empty boxes in the table below. Respiratory Rate values: 24.69 BPM and 10.04 BPMarrow_forwardAn injured soccer player arrives by ambulance in the emergency room. She is in obvious distress, breathing rapidly. Her blood PCO2 is 26 mm Hg and pH is 7.5. Is she suffering from hyperventilation or hyperpnea? Explain.arrow_forwardAssume your normal tidal volume is 500 mL/breath and your ventilation rate is 15 breaths per minute. If you are taking shallow breaths (TV = 200 mL/breath) to avoid severe pain from a rib injury, what ventilation rate will be required to achieve the same total pulmonary ventilation?arrow_forward
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