Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 23.5, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
To match:
The given four eukaryotic supergroups with characteristic structural features.
Introduction:
Many protist phyla can be classified into seven eukaryotic supergroups that are discoba, land plants and relatives, alveolate, stramenopile, rhizaria, amoebozoa, opisthokonts. Each eukaryotic supergroup shows distinctive features.
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1. How do members of Eukarya differ from the prokaryotic groups of Chp 26 (your text lists 4 major differences)? Do
these differences represent a greater success and superiority of eukaryotic over prokaryotic cells?
2. Examine Figure 27.1 from your text. How does this phylogenetic tree show that "Protists" are paraphyletic? Hint:
think about what the term "paraphyletic" means in your answer..
3. Describe at least two impacts that protists have on humans and two ecological importance's protists have on the
planet.
4. What is direct sequencing and how has it been used to discover new lineages in the eukaryotic group? Be specific!
5. What is the endosymbiosis theory and what are thought to have been the three main steps in the theory? What
are thought to have been the two main steps in the nucleus formation?
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Algae are autotrophs and can have photosynthesis, however, evolutionary evidence suggests that plants shared a common ancestor with only green algae and are closest relatives of Charophytes. What evidences support this statement? How an algal cell is different from fungal cells, even if both are eukaryotes? Why slime mold is a protist not a fungus even if it does not have chloroplast?
5. Paramecia live mostly in freshwater and move with the use of structures calle
cilia. They utilize contractile vacuoles to expel water that enters the cell by
osmosis. Euglena are unicellular organisms that use flagella for movement anc
chloroplasts for photosynthesis. They are found in freshwater and saltwater.
Scientists have determined that Paramecia and Euglena are eukaryotes and no
prokaryotes because they have-
Chapter 23 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 23.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23.3 - What essential role did early alphaproteobacteria...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23.4 - Which structure is associated with motility in one...Ch. 23.5 - In which of the hosts does sexual mating of P....
Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 23.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 23.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 23 - Prob. 1TYCh. 23 - Prob. 2TYCh. 23 - Prob. 3TYCh. 23 - Prob. 4TYCh. 23 - Prob. 5TYCh. 23 - The protists most closely related to the fungal,...Ch. 23 - Prob. 7TYCh. 23 - Prob. 8TYCh. 23 - People use bacteria, protists, or fungi to: make...Ch. 23 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 23 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 23 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 23 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 23 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Bacteria that cause the disease typhus arc close relatives of bacteria that evolved into __________. a. protists b. protocells c. chioroplasts d. mitochondriaarrow_forward1. We know fungi are eukaryotic (have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles). Explain three unique ways fungi are different from other microbes (algae, protozoans, bacteria, and archaea). Compare cell walls, cell membranes, morphology, reproduction, and life cycles. (Words to use in your answer include chitin, cellulose, peptidoglycan, pseudopeptidoglycan, ergosterol, hopanoids, cholesterol, mycelium, hyphae, multinucleate, multicellular, unicellular, nutritional needs, environmental needs, chemoheterotrophy, saprobes, parasites, free-living, reproductive strategies, spores). 2. Algae and protozoans are loosely grouped as protists and are different from plants because they lack specific characteristics of plants. Explain what differentiates algae from plants and two ways they are different from protozoans. Talk about algae being part of our environment and how algae may positively or negatively impact our health or the environment. (Words to use in your answer: cell wall, cell membrane,…arrow_forward1. Cell wall component present only in the domain Archaea2. None functional mitochondrial remnant exhibited by the group where Giardia sp. belong.3.arrow_forward
- 3. Differentiate among pili, fimbriae, prokaryotic flagella, eukaryotic flagella and cilia using sketches and descriptive labels. 4. Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 5. Eukaryotic cells might have evolved from early prokaryotic cells living in close association. What do you know about eukaryotic organelles that would support this theory? 6. Eukaryotic cells are almost always larger than prokaryotic cells. What structures might allow for their larger size.arrow_forwardIdentify three major differences among the following divisions of algae: Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta. One of your differences must include the main character which was used to separate them into Divisions. Character Character state seen in the division 1. Rhodophyta Chlorophyta Phaeophyta 2. 3.arrow_forwardA parasitic protist has been isolated and is on a microscope slide. How could you determine whether it belongs to te Apicomplexans or Excavata supergroup? Look for spores which would indicate Excavata Look for flagella which would indicate Excavata There is no way to distinguish based on structural characteristics. Look for flagella which would indicate Apicomplexansarrow_forward
- 3. Complete Table 4. Table 4. Summary of general characteristics in prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells Characteristic Prokaryotic Eukaryotic 1. nuclear membrane 2. genetic material 3. organellesarrow_forwardWhat is the arrangement of microtubules on the intracellular portion of a eukaryotic flagella? O Peritrichous O amphitrichous O 9+2 9+0arrow_forwardNO NEED TO EXPLAIN 1. Which of the following is not descriptive of the kingdom Fungi? A. alteration of generations, although haploid state is dominant B. absorptive form of nutrition C. eukaryotic heterotrophs D. most with body form of hyphae 2. Are the pores in septa A. involved into the unusual mitosis found in fungi? B. the regions through which pores are expelled? C. regions of high absorption into the mycelium? D. a means for proteins and materials from other cells to move to the rapidly growing tips of hyphae? 3. Which of the following pertains to a fungus that is both a parasite and a saprophyte? A. first lives as a parasite but then consumes the host after it dies B. lives as a mutualistic symbiont on its host C. digests only the non-living portions of its host body D. lives off the sap with its host’s body 4. How is the oomycete differentiated from from all other fungi? A. They have flagellated cells. B. Their…arrow_forward
- What are one of the main traits that make bacteria and archae unique in comparison to protists, fungi, amáinala and plants? - they have RNA -fungi have chitin - they are single called organismos that do not have membrane bound organelles or bucked - they diverged 3 billion years ago from each other - they have glycolysisarrow_forward1. How is designated the ancestral protist lineage that gives origin to the metazoans? 2. Layout that protist lineage (inform the names of the structures) 3. Wich big philo of metazoa is most related to this protist lineage? 4. What is the main sinapomorphy of this meathozary group? 5. How can the relationship be morphologically proven to the ancestral protist lineage? 6. The feeding of the basal metazoan has characteristics considered plesiomorphic. Indicate the food habit and digestion process of the basal metazoan (I'm sorry, i don't speak english very well)arrow_forwardfirst 4 please and its a tablearrow_forward
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