(a) The positions, which encode amino acids, which may have changed due to positive selection. (b) The positions, which encode amino acids, which may have changed due to purifying selection. Given: The following data was obtained by comparing the gene sequences of many genes encoding surface proteins in influenza viruses (Table 1): Table 1: Synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions at particular codon positions. Codon position Synonymous substitutions Nonsynonymous substitutions 12 0 7 15 1 9 61 0 12 80 7 0 137 12 1 156 24 2 165 3 4 226 38 3 Introduction: A single-base substitution that does not lead to a change in the amino acid encoded by the gene is known as a synonymous substitution. A single-base substitution that changes the amino acid at a particular position is called a nonsynonymous mutation.

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Chapter 23.2, Problem 3R

Summary Introduction

To review:

(a) The positions, which encode amino acids, which may have changed due to positive selection.

(b) The positions, which encode amino acids, which may have changed due to purifying selection.

Given:

The following data was obtained by comparing the gene sequences of many genes encoding surface proteins in influenza viruses (Table 1):

Table 1: Synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions at particular codon positions.

Codon position Synonymous substitutions Nonsynonymous substitutions

12 0 7

15 1 9

61 0 12

80 7 0

137 12 1

156 24 2

165 3 4

226 38 3

Introduction:

A single-base substitution that does not lead to a change in the amino acid encoded by the gene is known as a synonymous substitution. A single-base substitution that changes the amino acid at a particular position is called a nonsynonymous mutation.

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