The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed Concept Introduction : Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl 3 , FeX 3, ZnCl 2 , BF 3 etc. An azide synthesis: An azide synthesis involves the reaction between alkyl halide and sodium azide. Alkyl azide is formed in the first step. Alkyl azide on reduction with hydrogen in the presence of platinum produces primary amine. In this way, primary amines are synthesized while secondary and tertiary amines are not formed as by-products. Reductive amination: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent than sodium borohydride. It reduces the carbonyl group into amine group in a rapid way. So, it is called as reductive amination reactions. Aldehyde or ketone group is reacted with secondary amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent and a proton source in the reaction medium to produce tertiary amines. To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (a) Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 23, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

An azide synthesis: An azide synthesis involves the reaction between alkyl halide and sodium azide. Alkyl azide is formed in the first step. Alkyl azide on reduction with hydrogen in the presence of platinum produces primary amine. In this way, primary amines are synthesized while secondary and tertiary amines are not formed as by-products.

Reductive amination: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent than sodium borohydride. It reduces the carbonyl group into amine group in a rapid way. So, it is called as reductive amination reactions. Aldehyde or ketone group is reacted with secondary amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent and a proton source in the reaction medium to produce tertiary amines.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (a)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

Sandmeyer reaction: Sandmeyer reactions use copper salts as the reagents. Here, aryldiazonium salt is converted into aryl halides or aryl cyanides by using copper halides or copper cyanides.

A compound containing an amino group is treated with sodium nitrite and HCl leading to the formation of diazonium salt.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (b)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

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4. Read paragraph 4.15 from your textbook, use your calculated lattice energy values for CuO, CuCO3 and Cu(OH)2 an explain thermal decomposition reaction of malachite: Cu2CO3(OH)2 →2CuO + H2O + CO2 (3 points)

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 23, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

An azide synthesis: An azide synthesis involves the reaction between alkyl halide and sodium azide. Alkyl azide is formed in the first step. Alkyl azide on reduction with hydrogen in the presence of platinum produces primary amine. In this way, primary amines are synthesized while secondary and tertiary amines are not formed as by-products.

Reductive amination: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent than sodium borohydride. It reduces the carbonyl group into amine group in a rapid way. So, it is called as reductive amination reactions. Aldehyde or ketone group is reacted with secondary amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent and a proton source in the reaction medium to produce tertiary amines.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (a)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

Sandmeyer reaction: Sandmeyer reactions use copper salts as the reagents. Here, aryldiazonium salt is converted into aryl halides or aryl cyanides by using copper halides or copper cyanides.

A compound containing an amino group is treated with sodium nitrite and HCl leading to the formation of diazonium salt.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (b)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 23, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

An azide synthesis: An azide synthesis involves the reaction between alkyl halide and sodium azide. Alkyl azide is formed in the first step. Alkyl azide on reduction with hydrogen in the presence of platinum produces primary amine. In this way, primary amines are synthesized while secondary and tertiary amines are not formed as by-products.

Reductive amination: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent than sodium borohydride. It reduces the carbonyl group into amine group in a rapid way. So, it is called as reductive amination reactions. Aldehyde or ketone group is reacted with secondary amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent and a proton source in the reaction medium to produce tertiary amines.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (a)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The synthetic routes for the given transformations have to be proposed

Concept Introduction:

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: The Friedel-Crafts alkylation involves the electrophilic substitution of alkyl groups on aromatic rings when arenes are treated with alkyl halides in presence of Lewis acids. This reaction is catalyzed by Lewis acids like anhydrous AlCl₃, FeX_3,ZnCl₂, BF₃ etc.

Sandmeyer reaction: Sandmeyer reactions use copper salts as the reagents. Here, aryldiazonium salt is converted into aryl halides or aryl cyanides by using copper halides or copper cyanides.

A compound containing an amino group is treated with sodium nitrite and HCl leading to the formation of diazonium salt.

To find: Propose the synthetic routes for the given transformation (b)

Apply a retrosynthetic analysis

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 23, Problem 59PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction