Chapter 23, Problem 23.9P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The relative rate of nitration of bromobenzene under the same condition as the other entries is to be estimated, and it is to be determined whether it is activating or deactivating.

Concept introduction:

The monosubstituted benzene shows electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution depends on the type of substituent attached to the benzene ring. Substituents increasing the rate of reaction are called the activating group, and substituents decreasing the rate of reaction are called the deactivating group. The ortho/para-directing groups are activating groups, and meta-directing groups are deactivating groups.