The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1. Concept introduction: Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation): Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

Question

: Naming the Alkanes a) Write the IUPAC nomenclature of the compound below b) Draw 4-isopropyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane, identify the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbons. c) Rank pentane, neopentane and isopentane for boiling point. pentane: H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 neopentane: CH3 H3C-C-CH3 isopentane: CH3 CH3 H3C-CH2-CH-CH3

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

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: Naming the Alkanes a) Write the IUPAC nomenclature of the compound below b) Draw 4-isopropyl-2,4,5-trimethylheptane, identify the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbons. c) Rank pentane, neopentane and isopentane for boiling point. pentane: H3C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 neopentane: CH3 H3C-C-CH3 isopentane: CH3 CH3 H3C-CH2-CH-CH3

An essential part of the experimental design process is to select appropriate dependent and independent variables. True False

10.00 g of Compound X with molecular formula C₂Hg are burned in a constant-pressure calorimeter containing 40.00 kg of water at 25 °C. The temperature of the water is observed to rise by 2.604 °C. (You may assume all the heat released by the reaction is absorbed by the water, and none by the calorimeter itself.) Calculate the standard heat of formation of Compound X at 25 °C. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to the correct number of significant digits.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 23.64P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 1.

Concept introduction:

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation):

Friedal – Crafts alkylation (or acylation) is one of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Alkyl halide or acyl halides reaction with benzene (or electron donating group present in the benzene ring) in the presence of anhydrous aluminum trichloride which gives the corresponding alkylated or acylated compound.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reductive amination is to be explained and the explanation has to be given for two step synthesis of amination is used rather than reductive amination.

Concept introduction:

Reductive amination reaction: Amination is the process by which an amine group is introduced into an organic molecule.

The conversion of Carbonyl group in to amine via imine intermediate is called reductive amination.

Answer 12

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Answer 13

(D)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Answer 14

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

Answer 15

(E)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The possible stereoisomer’s has to be shown if the product is chiral.

Concept introduction:

Isomer: A molecule having the same molecular formula but with different chemical structure is called isomer.

Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.

Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called diastereomers.

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Achiral:

A molecule is superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral molecule.

Answer 16

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Answer 27

Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.4P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23.5 - Prob. AQ Ch. 23.5 - What is the hybridization of the nitrogen in...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. CQ Ch. 23.5 - The pKas of the conjugate acids of aniline and...Ch. 23.5 - Prob. EQ

Interpretation: The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3. Concept introduction: Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

Interpretation: The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5. Concept introduction: Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH4 which provides alcohol.

Chapter 23 Solutions

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 2 and step 3.

Concept introduction:

Oxime formation: Aldehyde or ketone is reaction with hydroxylamine and sodium methoxide which yields oxime

Interpretation:

The reagent and condition is to be proposed for step 4 and step 5.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like LAH or NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.