CAMPBELL BIOLOGY-W/MOD.MASTERBIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134683461
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 23, Problem 23.3CR
Would two small, geographically isolated populations in very different environments be likely to evolve in similar ways? Explain.
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According to the Hardy-Weinberg law of equilibrium:
Question 1 options:
A)
In absence of mutation and natural selection, the frequencies of the genotypes will remain stable because no evolutionary change takes place.
B)
In absence of gene flow, the frequencies of the genotypes will remain stable because no evolutionary change takes place.
C)
In absence of genetic drift, the frequencies of the genotypes will remain stable because no evolutionary change takes place.
D)
All of the above.
E)
None of the above.
The groups we recognize as different human races represented populations that have been genetically isolated for a long time, we would expect to see: Select all that apply and briefly justify your answer.
a) high levels of genetic variation between groups relative to what we see within groups.
b) high levels of genetic variation within groups relative to what we see between groups.
c) no clear pattern of genetic variation―in some regions, we would see more variation within than among groups, and in some regions we would see the opposite.
d) a correlation between the amount of genetic variation between groups and the length of time the groups have been isolated from one another.
Suppose that a population is at equilibrium between mutation and selection for a deleterious recessive allele, where s = 0.5 and μ = 10−5. What is the equilibrium frequency of the allele? What is the selection cost?
Chapter 23 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY-W/MOD.MASTERBIOLOGY
Ch. 23.1 - Explain why genetic Variation within a population...Ch. 23.1 - Ot all the mutations that occur in a population,...Ch. 23.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS If a population stopped...Ch. 23.2 - A population has 700 individuals, 85 of genotype...Ch. 23.2 - The frequency of allele a is 0.45 for a population...Ch. 23.2 - WHAT IF? A locus that affects susceptibility to a...Ch. 23.3 - In what sense is natural selection more...Ch. 23.3 - Distinguish genetic draft from gene flow in terms...Ch. 23.3 - WH AT IF? Suppose two plant populations exchange...Ch. 23.4 - What is the relative fitness of a sterile mule?...
Ch. 23.4 - Explain why natural selection is the only...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 23 - Typically. most of the nucleotide variabillity...Ch. 23 - Is it circular reasoning to calculate p ond q from...Ch. 23 - Would two small, geographically isolated...Ch. 23 - How might secondary sex characteristics in males...Ch. 23 - Natural selection changes allele frequencies...Ch. 23 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 23 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 23 - There are 25 individuals in population 1, all with...Ch. 23 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 23 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Using at least two examples,...Ch. 23 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA Researchers...Ch. 23 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 23 - SYNTHESI2E YOUR KNOWLEDGE This kettle lake forracd...
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- PINE TREE NEEDLES Variation among members of a population can lead to natural selection, but only if two conditions are met: First, the trait must be relevant to an individual's survival and/or reproductive rate. Second, variation in this trait must be heritable, that is, at least partly controlled by genes. a. How might you design an experiment to determine the importance of needle length in determining survival and reproduction? b. How might you test the extent to which needle length is heritable?arrow_forwardThe evolution of a qualitative trait in reponse to natural selection is described by the following equation, R=h2 S a) What is h2 and what does it measure? b) Describe a study that would allow you to estimate h2 for a real populationarrow_forwardIn the Grants’ study of the medium ground finch, do you think the pattern of natural selection was directional, stabilizing, disruptive, or balancing? Explain your answer. If the environment remained dry indefinitely (for many years), what do you think would be the long-term outcome?arrow_forward
- How can a shift in the proportion of genes in a population could lead to the evolution of a new species? Explain why evolution happens to a whole population rather than to a single individual.arrow_forwardYou conduct an exercise in the Darwinian Snails Sim-U-Text lab. You simulate conditions under which survival of snails is selective-that is, snails with thicker shells are less likely to be preyed on by crabs than snails with thinner shells. The default settings also ensure the trait is heritable, and the population has variation in this trait. You allow mutations to occur. As you run the simulation, you observe that the mean shell thickness of the population increases over successive snail generations. Have you successfully simulated natural selection? No, because no snails appeared with thicker shells than the thickest shells observed in the initial population O Yes, because crabs preyed on the snails O No, because you cannot have selection with mutations operating No, because the changes in shell thickness could have been due to genetic drift O Yes, because there was a change in the mean shell thickness Yes, because there were mutationsarrow_forwardSuppose you have four species of lizard and you are interested in how leg length will change in a single generation of evolution under directional selection. Given the following parameters, which lizard do you predict will change the most in one generation? Species A: Heritability: 0.5, selection differential: 1.2 Species B: Heritability: 0.4, selection differential: -1.9 Species C: Heritability: 0.9, selection differential: -0.67 Species D: Heritability: 0.1, selection differential 3.2 Species A Species B Species C Species Darrow_forward
- What role does geographic isolation play in the formation of a new species? Group of answer choices A.If two populations become isolated geographically, then the two populations cannot interbreed with one another. There will be gene flow between the two. This will allow the two isolated populations to evolve independently leading to new species. B. If two populations become isolated geographically, then the two populations can interbreed with one another. There will be no gene flow between the two. This will allow the two isolated populations to evolve independently leading to new species. C. None of the answers are correct D. If two populations become isolated geographically, then the two populations cannot interbreed with one another. There will be no gene flow between the two. This will allow the two isolated populations to evolve independently leading to new species.arrow_forwardConsider the first copy of an allele for insecticideresistance that arises by mutation in a populationof insects exposed to an insecticide. Is this mutation an adaptation? If, after some generations,we find that most of the population is resistant,is the resistance an adaptation? If we discovergenetic variation for insecticide resistance in apopulation that has had no experience of insecticides, is the variation an adaptation? If an insectpopulation is polymorphic for two alleles, eachof which confers resistance against one of twopesticides that are alternately applied, is thevariation an adaptation? Or is each of the tworesistance traits an adaptation?arrow_forwardImagine a remote island inhabited by a population of lizards. To determine if this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for gene X, which of the following conditions must be met? The lizard population should be at least 100 individuals and close to other large populations to avoid genetic drift. No selection, meaning that all individuals have an equal chance of survival and reproduction No gene flow due to migration between the island and other lizard populations Random mating among lizards without any preference to gene X No measurably significant mutations occurring in the lizard population at gene Xarrow_forward
- Suppose that in generation 0, the frequency of allele A1 in a population of armadillos is 0.4. In each generation, 10 percent of the individuals in that population are migrants from another population that has an allele frequency of 0.6. a) Calculate the frequency of A1 in each of the next two generations (generations 1 and 2). b) Is the change in allele frequency in generation 2 greater than, less than, or equal to the change in generation 1? How can you explain that answer? c) What will the allele frequency become in this population after many generations? I need all three parts with calculations asap!!arrow_forwardThe graphs below show the change in allele frequency over 500 generations of natural selection. The two graphs represent two populations experiencing two different selective scenarios. Which statement best describes the difference between the two populations? 1000T 0.900 f(A) f(A) 0400 0300 0300 0200 0.100 250 300 150 400 30 100 190 200 Generatioe a) * Selection is favoring a beneficial recessive allele in the population on the left and a beneficial dominant allele in the population on the right. b) The selective coefficient is smaller in the population on the left than in the population on the right. c)" The graph on the left shows heterozygote advantage; the graph on the right shows a beneficial dominant allele. d) * The graph on the left shows genetic drift; the graph on the right shows natural selection. The graph on the left shows an unstable equilibrium; the graph on the right shows a stable equilibrium.arrow_forwardIn which of the situations below would speciation be most likely to occur? You can choose more than one answer. a. Seven lemurs escape from an enclosure at Duke University. To everyone's surprise, they establish a small but viable population coexisting successfully with humans in a partly suburban environment very different from their native Madagascan habitat. b. Bighorn sheep occupy mountains from Canada to Death Valley in Southern California, interbreeding all along the way. The populations at the two ends of the range live in very different environments. c. A few individuals of a butterfly species were blown to an island during a severe storm. d. A population of juniper shrubs is split by the formation of a canyon. Every year, strong winds carry a small amount of the shrubs' pollen across the canyon.arrow_forward
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