a. What is a major source of genetic variation for prokaryotes and viruses? b. What is the major source of genetic variation for plants and animals? c. Explain why your answers to a and b are different.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 23, Problem 1IQ

a. What is a major source of genetic variation for prokaryotes and viruses?
b. What is the major source of genetic variation for plants and animals?
c. Explain why your answers to a and b are different.

a.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for viruses and prokaryotes.

Introduction: Genetic variation is defined as the variance in DNA sequences between individuals within a given population. The genetic variation present in the population is measured using nucleotide variability and gene variability.

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation. Mutation is defined as an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Mutation may cause the origin of new alleles. The viruses and prokaryotes have very short generation spans. Due to their shorter generation period, mutation causes more rapid genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes.

b.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for animals and plants.

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in plants and animals is sexual reproduction. In case of sexually reproducing population, the genetic variation occurs when the alleles reshuffle and produce new combinations in every individual progeny. In offspring, unique genetic combinations occur during the process of independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis as well as when the gametes combine randomly during fertilization.

c.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the answers for a and b are different.

Explanation of Solution

The main source for genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation, whereas in animals and plants, the main source is sexual reproduction. This is because mutation causes genetic variation very rapidly in viruses and prokaryotes, as both have very shorter generation spans. However, the average rate of mutation in plants and animals is one in 100,000 genes per generation. Although the mutation causes the origin of new alleles, mutations are infrequent and their contribution to the genetic variation is minimal in case of large, diploid population. However, in each generation, the zygotes with new allele combinations are produced during the fertilization when there is a random union of gametes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Normal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO2 level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO2 triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?

foraging/diet type teeth tongue stomach intestines cecum Insectivory numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew -- simple short mostly lacking Myrmecophagy absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater extremely long simple, often roughened short small or lacking Terrestrial carnivory sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog -- simple short small Aquatic carnivory homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin -- simple or multichambered (cetaceans only) variable small or absent Sanguinivory very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat grooved tubular, highly extensible long small or lacking Herbivory (except nectivores) incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver -- simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants) long large Filter feeding none…

3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 པར『ན་ cm 30 Species B 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 cm 10 Species C 0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3 020

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 23, Problem 1IQ

a. What is a major source of genetic variation for prokaryotes and viruses?
b. What is the major source of genetic variation for plants and animals?
c. Explain why your answers to a and b are different.

a.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for viruses and prokaryotes.

Introduction: Genetic variation is defined as the variance in DNA sequences between individuals within a given population. The genetic variation present in the population is measured using nucleotide variability and gene variability.

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation. Mutation is defined as an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Mutation may cause the origin of new alleles. The viruses and prokaryotes have very short generation spans. Due to their shorter generation period, mutation causes more rapid genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes.

b.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for animals and plants.

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in plants and animals is sexual reproduction. In case of sexually reproducing population, the genetic variation occurs when the alleles reshuffle and produce new combinations in every individual progeny. In offspring, unique genetic combinations occur during the process of independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis as well as when the gametes combine randomly during fertilization.

c.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the answers for a and b are different.

Explanation of Solution

The main source for genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation, whereas in animals and plants, the main source is sexual reproduction. This is because mutation causes genetic variation very rapidly in viruses and prokaryotes, as both have very shorter generation spans. However, the average rate of mutation in plants and animals is one in 100,000 genes per generation. Although the mutation causes the origin of new alleles, mutations are infrequent and their contribution to the genetic variation is minimal in case of large, diploid population. However, in each generation, the zygotes with new allele combinations are produced during the fertilization when there is a random union of gametes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 23, Problem 1IQ

a. What is a major source of genetic variation for prokaryotes and viruses?
b. What is the major source of genetic variation for plants and animals?
c. Explain why your answers to a and b are different.

a.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for viruses and prokaryotes.

Introduction: Genetic variation is defined as the variance in DNA sequences between individuals within a given population. The genetic variation present in the population is measured using nucleotide variability and gene variability.

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation. Mutation is defined as an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Mutation may cause the origin of new alleles. The viruses and prokaryotes have very short generation spans. Due to their shorter generation period, mutation causes more rapid genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes.

b.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for animals and plants.

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in plants and animals is sexual reproduction. In case of sexually reproducing population, the genetic variation occurs when the alleles reshuffle and produce new combinations in every individual progeny. In offspring, unique genetic combinations occur during the process of independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis as well as when the gametes combine randomly during fertilization.

c.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the answers for a and b are different.

Explanation of Solution

The main source for genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation, whereas in animals and plants, the main source is sexual reproduction. This is because mutation causes genetic variation very rapidly in viruses and prokaryotes, as both have very shorter generation spans. However, the average rate of mutation in plants and animals is one in 100,000 genes per generation. Although the mutation causes the origin of new alleles, mutations are infrequent and their contribution to the genetic variation is minimal in case of large, diploid population. However, in each generation, the zygotes with new allele combinations are produced during the fertilization when there is a random union of gametes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 23, Problem 1IQ

a. What is a major source of genetic variation for prokaryotes and viruses?
b. What is the major source of genetic variation for plants and animals?
c. Explain why your answers to a and b are different.

a.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for viruses and prokaryotes.

Introduction: Genetic variation is defined as the variance in DNA sequences between individuals within a given population. The genetic variation present in the population is measured using nucleotide variability and gene variability.

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation. Mutation is defined as an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Mutation may cause the origin of new alleles. The viruses and prokaryotes have very short generation spans. Due to their shorter generation period, mutation causes more rapid genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes.

b.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for animals and plants.

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in plants and animals is sexual reproduction. In case of sexually reproducing population, the genetic variation occurs when the alleles reshuffle and produce new combinations in every individual progeny. In offspring, unique genetic combinations occur during the process of independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis as well as when the gametes combine randomly during fertilization.

c.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the answers for a and b are different.

Explanation of Solution

The main source for genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation, whereas in animals and plants, the main source is sexual reproduction. This is because mutation causes genetic variation very rapidly in viruses and prokaryotes, as both have very shorter generation spans. However, the average rate of mutation in plants and animals is one in 100,000 genes per generation. Although the mutation causes the origin of new alleles, mutations are infrequent and their contribution to the genetic variation is minimal in case of large, diploid population. However, in each generation, the zygotes with new allele combinations are produced during the fertilization when there is a random union of gametes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

a.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for viruses and prokaryotes.

Introduction: Genetic variation is defined as the variance in DNA sequences between individuals within a given population. The genetic variation present in the population is measured using nucleotide variability and gene variability.

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation. Mutation is defined as an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Mutation may cause the origin of new alleles. The viruses and prokaryotes have very short generation spans. Due to their shorter generation period, mutation causes more rapid genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes.

b.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for animals and plants.

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in plants and animals is sexual reproduction. In case of sexually reproducing population, the genetic variation occurs when the alleles reshuffle and produce new combinations in every individual progeny. In offspring, unique genetic combinations occur during the process of independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis as well as when the gametes combine randomly during fertilization.

c.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the answers for a and b are different.

Explanation of Solution

The main source for genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation, whereas in animals and plants, the main source is sexual reproduction. This is because mutation causes genetic variation very rapidly in viruses and prokaryotes, as both have very shorter generation spans. However, the average rate of mutation in plants and animals is one in 100,000 genes per generation. Although the mutation causes the origin of new alleles, mutations are infrequent and their contribution to the genetic variation is minimal in case of large, diploid population. However, in each generation, the zygotes with new allele combinations are produced during the fertilization when there is a random union of gametes.

Answer 8

a.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for viruses and prokaryotes.

Introduction: Genetic variation is defined as the variance in DNA sequences between individuals within a given population. The genetic variation present in the population is measured using nucleotide variability and gene variability.

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation. Mutation is defined as an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Mutation may cause the origin of new alleles. The viruses and prokaryotes have very short generation spans. Due to their shorter generation period, mutation causes more rapid genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes.

Answer 9

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 10

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for viruses and prokaryotes.

Introduction: Genetic variation is defined as the variance in DNA sequences between individuals within a given population. The genetic variation present in the population is measured using nucleotide variability and gene variability.

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation. Mutation is defined as an alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Mutation may cause the origin of new alleles. The viruses and prokaryotes have very short generation spans. Due to their shorter generation period, mutation causes more rapid genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes.

Answer 14

b.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for animals and plants.

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in plants and animals is sexual reproduction. In case of sexually reproducing population, the genetic variation occurs when the alleles reshuffle and produce new combinations in every individual progeny. In offspring, unique genetic combinations occur during the process of independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis as well as when the gametes combine randomly during fertilization.

Answer 15

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 16

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Summary Introduction

To explain: The major source of genetic variation for animals and plants.

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

The main source of genetic variation in plants and animals is sexual reproduction. In case of sexually reproducing population, the genetic variation occurs when the alleles reshuffle and produce new combinations in every individual progeny. In offspring, unique genetic combinations occur during the process of independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis as well as when the gametes combine randomly during fertilization.

Answer 20

c.

Expert Solution

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the answers for a and b are different.

Explanation of Solution

The main source for genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation, whereas in animals and plants, the main source is sexual reproduction. This is because mutation causes genetic variation very rapidly in viruses and prokaryotes, as both have very shorter generation spans. However, the average rate of mutation in plants and animals is one in 100,000 genes per generation. Although the mutation causes the origin of new alleles, mutations are infrequent and their contribution to the genetic variation is minimal in case of large, diploid population. However, in each generation, the zygotes with new allele combinations are produced during the fertilization when there is a random union of gametes.

Answer 21

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 22

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons why the answers for a and b are different.

Answer 25

Explanation of Solution

The main source for genetic variation in viruses and prokaryotes is mutation, whereas in animals and plants, the main source is sexual reproduction. This is because mutation causes genetic variation very rapidly in viruses and prokaryotes, as both have very shorter generation spans. However, the average rate of mutation in plants and animals is one in 100,000 genes per generation. Although the mutation causes the origin of new alleles, mutations are infrequent and their contribution to the genetic variation is minimal in case of large, diploid population. However, in each generation, the zygotes with new allele combinations are produced during the fertilization when there is a random union of gametes.