Biology
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259188121
Author: Peter Stiling, Robert Brooker, Linda Graham, Eric Widmaier
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2.2, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To describe: The process of separation of DNA strands requires energy or it is just a spontaneous process.
Introduction: The DNA stands for “deoxyribonucleic acid.” Structure of DNA is made up of a number of monomers called
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Consider the following segment of DNA, which is part of a linear chromosome:
LEFT 5’.…TGACTGACAGTC….3’
3’.…ACTGACTGTCAG….5’ RIGHT
During DNA replication, this double-strand molecule is separated from the right to the left into two single strands and the replisome is moving from the right to the left of the segment. ___________ should be the template for the lagging strand synthesis.
neither of the two strands
the bottom strand
both top and bottom strands
the top strand
Consider the following segment of DNA, which is part of a linear chromosome:
LEFT 5’.…TGACTGACAGTC….3’
3’.…ACTGACTGTCAG….5’ RIGHT
During DNA replication, this double-strand molecule is separated from the right to the left into two single strands and the replisome is moving from the right to the left of the segment. The replisome is approaching to a chromosomal end on the left. Considering this left chromosomal end, if without telomerase, the newly synthesized daughter DNA of ___________ will be shortened?
neither top or bottom strand
both top and bottom strands
the top strand
the bottom strand
for the lagging strand, is it the upper or the lower?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 2.1 - Before the experiment conducted by Ernest...Ch. 2.1 - What was the hypothesis tested by Rutherford?Ch. 2.1 - Prob. 3EQCh. 2.1 - Explain the difference between an electron shell...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 2.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 2.3 - When oil dissolves in a soapy solution, where is...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 2.3 - Core Skill: Connections Look ahead to Figure...Ch. 2 - _______________ make(s) up the nucleus of an atom....
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- Which of the followings statements are true about DNA polymerase? 1.) It can only go in one direction, meaning the lagging strand can't be synthesized continuously. 2.) It cannot start a DNA strand from scratch, so another enzyme is needed to create "primers" as a starting point. 3.) It cannot copy epigenetic marks (such as methyl groups) on its own; these must be "copied" onto the daughter DNA strand by other enzymes after DNA replication. 4.) All of the abovearrow_forwardAssume a deletion occurs in a gene that encodes DNA polymerase I and no functional DNA polymerase I is produced. What will be the most likely consequence of this mutation? The DNA would not exist in a supercoiled state. There would be no RNA primers laid down. The DNA will not be able to unwind to initiate replication. The DNA strands would contain pieces of RNA. There would be no DNA replication on the leading or lagging strands.arrow_forwardConsider the following segment of DNA, which is part of a linear chromosome: LEFT 5’.…TGACTGACAGTC….3’ 3’.…ACTGACTGTCAG….5’ RIGHT During RNA transcription, this double-strand DNA molecule is separated into two single strands from the right to the left and the RNA polymerase is also moving from the right to the left of the segment. _____________ is the template strand for the synthesis of RNA? The sequence of the newly transcribed mRNA is _________________. Question 5 options: The top strand, 5'...GACUGUCAGUCA...3' The bottom strand, 5'...ACUCACUCUCAG...3' The top strand, 5'...UGACUGACAGUC...3' The bottom strand, 5'...GACUGUCAGUCA...3'arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the DNA replication is false? a. Synthesis of the new DNA strands is form 39 to 59 b.Synthesis of the new DNA strands is from 59 to 39 c. DNA Unwinds, primase adds RNA primer, DNA polymerases synthesize the new strand and remove the RNA primer d. Many initiation points exist in each eukaryotic chromosome. e. Okazaki fragments are synthesized in the opposite direction from the direction in which the replication for moves.arrow_forwardDuring replication of a DNA molecule, the daughter strands are not produced in exactly the same manner. One strand, the leading strand, is made continuously toward the replication fork, while the lagging strand is made in fragments in the opposite direction. This difference in synthesis of the two strands is the result of which of the following? O a. DNA polymerase is not efficient enough to make two "good" strands of DNA O b. The two template strands are antiparallel, and DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction O c. The lagging strand is the result of DNA breaks caused by exposure to UV light Od. The cell does not contain enough nucleotides to make two complete strands Oe. Both B&Darrow_forward4.) During DNA replication, the two strands of DNA are pried apart and then serve as templates for synthesis of new strands. However, there are some big differences in how the two strands are copied. Why is this so? Please describe in 4-5 sentences of your own words how replication proceeds on the two strands. 5.) During meiosis, when crossing-over occurs between two homologous chromosomes, it does not happen at a single point, but rather two points with a stretch of DNA in between. What are the two junction points called? b. What is the region between the two points called and what is different about this region compared to how double-stranded DNA usually is? c. If the region described in b.) is located within a gene and the two homologues have different alleles of this gene, what might happen that is a direct violation of Mendel's first law? (Describe the process with 2-3 sentences of detail.) a.arrow_forward
- Describe the process of DNA replication. What are the functions of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase?arrow_forwardA genetics instructor designs a laboratory experiment to study the effects of UV radiation on mutation in bacteria. In the experiment, the students spread bacteria on petri plates, expose the plates to UV light for different lengths of time, place the plates in an incubator for 48 hours, and then count the number of colonies that appear on each plate. The bacteria that have received more UV radiation should have more pyrimidine dimers, which block replication; thus, fewer colonies should appear on the plates exposed to UV light for longer periods. Before the students carry out the experiment, the instructor warns them that while the bacteria are in the incubator, the students must not open the incubator door unless the room is darkened. Why should the bacteria not be exposed to light?arrow_forward2arrow_forward
- How does the enzyme telomerase meet the challenge of replicating the ends of linear chromosomes? It adds a single 5' cap structure that resists degradation by nucleases. It adds numerous GC pairs, which resist hydrolysis and maintain chromosome integrity. It causes specific double-strand DNA breaks that result in blunt ends on both strands. It catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres, compensating for the shortening that could occur during replication without telomerase activity.arrow_forwardDNA polymerase occasionally incorporates the wrong nucleotide during DNA replication. If left unrepaired, the base-pair mismatch that results will lead to mutation in the next replication. As part of a template strand, the incorporated wrong base will direct the incorporation of a base complementary to itself, so the bases on both strands of the DNA at that position will now be different from what they were before the mismatch event. The MM-minus strain of yeast does not have a functional mismatch excision repair system, but it has normal base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair systems. Which of the following statements is correct about differences in the mutation spectrum between MMR-minus and wildtype yeast? More than one answer is correct. (a) More point mutations will arise in MMR-minus yeast. Fewer point mutations will arise in MMR-minus yeast as compared with wildtype. (b) Of the total point mutations that do occur, the fraction in which G is replaced by C will be…arrow_forwardHow is DNA synthesis in the Polymerase Chain reaction similar to, or different from, DNA synthesis during genome replication in cells?arrow_forward
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