Exploring Chemical Analysis
Exploring Chemical Analysis
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781429275033
Author: Daniel C. Harris
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 22, Problem 22.8P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nominal mass of the molecular ion of caffeine has to be determined. Reason behind the use of mz197111 for the internal standard (C13H3)3caffeine has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

An internal standard in mass spectrometry is a compound that is chemically similar to the analyte but naturally not present in the sample. It displays characteristic signals in the mass spectrum.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason for isotopic variant of the analyte to be excellent internal standard has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Isotopic composition of composition of mz 195 has to be written. Intensity ratio mz195194. 195/194 has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

An internal standard in mass spectrometry is a compound that is chemically similar to the analyte but naturally not present in the sample. It displays characteristic signals in the mass spectrum.

Intensity ratio of M+1M for the molecular formula CnHxNyOz is calculated by formula as follows:

    Intensity ratio=n×1.1%

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Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid. acids: 0.2 mol of KOH is added to 1.0 L of a 0.5 M HF solution. bases: Х other: ☐ acids: 0.10 mol of HI is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.4M in both HF and NaF. bases: other: ☐ 0,0,... ด ? 18 Ar
Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself. Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row. You will find it useful to keep in mind that NH3 is a weak base. acids: ☐ 1.8 mol of HCl is added to 1.0 L of a 1.0M NH3 bases: ☐ solution. other: ☐ 0.18 mol of HNO3 is added to 1.0 L of a solution that is 1.4M in both NH3 and NH₁Br. acids: bases: ☐ other: ☐ 0,0,... ? 000 18 Ar B 1
Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition Consider the following equilibrium: 2NH3 (g) = N2 (g) +3H₂ —N2 (g) AGº = 34. kJ Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.19 atm of ammonia (NH3) and 9.94 atm of nitrogen (N2) at 378. °C. Answer the following questions about this system: rise Under these conditions, will the pressure of NH 3 tend to rise or fall? ☐ x10 fall Х Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂? In other words, if you said the pressure of NH 3 will tend to rise, can that be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the pressure of NH3 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to rise by adding H₂? If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. yes no atm 00. 18 Ar 무ㅎ ?
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