(a) Interpretation: The balanced reaction for OH − CH 2 − COOH → O = CH − COOH oxidations using NAD + or FAD is to be predicted. Concept introduction: The full form of NAD + molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD + is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 22.50E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH.

In the above reaction, the alcohol group is oxidized to aldehyde group. The oxidation reaction by NAD+ involves the oxidation of alcohol into aldehyde. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using NAD+ as shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH

Conclusion

The balanced reactions for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH.

In the above reaction, the −CH2−CH2− portion of 1, 2-diethanol is oxidized to −CH=CH−. The oxidation reaction by FAD involves the conversion of −CH2−CH2− into −CH=CH−. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using FAD as shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2

Conclusion

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

HO−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→HO−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

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Students have asked these similar questions

For a given acid HA, it was determined that at pH 6.0 the concentration of the conjugate base [A] was 0.075 M and the acid [HA] was 0.025 M. What percent of this acid is ionized at pH 6.0? What is the pKa of this acid? What pH would this acid be 50% lonized?

(a) Write the deprotonation equations for citric acid FÓRMULA pKal pK2 pK23 pKa4 он HO-C–CH2–C–CH2–Ĉ–OH 2.94 4.14 5.82 16.0 0=C–OH

2

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 22.50E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH.

In the above reaction, the alcohol group is oxidized to aldehyde group. The oxidation reaction by NAD+ involves the oxidation of alcohol into aldehyde. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using NAD+ as shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH

Conclusion

The balanced reactions for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH.

In the above reaction, the −CH2−CH2− portion of 1, 2-diethanol is oxidized to −CH=CH−. The oxidation reaction by FAD involves the conversion of −CH2−CH2− into −CH=CH−. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using FAD as shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2

Conclusion

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

HO−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→HO−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 22.50E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH.

In the above reaction, the alcohol group is oxidized to aldehyde group. The oxidation reaction by NAD+ involves the oxidation of alcohol into aldehyde. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using NAD+ as shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH

Conclusion

The balanced reactions for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH.

In the above reaction, the −CH2−CH2− portion of 1, 2-diethanol is oxidized to −CH=CH−. The oxidation reaction by FAD involves the conversion of −CH2−CH2− into −CH=CH−. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using FAD as shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2

Conclusion

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

HO−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→HO−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 22, Problem 22.50E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH.

In the above reaction, the alcohol group is oxidized to aldehyde group. The oxidation reaction by NAD+ involves the oxidation of alcohol into aldehyde. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using NAD+ as shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH

Conclusion

The balanced reactions for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH.

In the above reaction, the −CH2−CH2− portion of 1, 2-diethanol is oxidized to −CH=CH−. The oxidation reaction by FAD involves the conversion of −CH2−CH2− into −CH=CH−. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using FAD as shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2

Conclusion

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

HO−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→HO−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

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Answer 5

Chapter 22, Problem 22.50E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH.

In the above reaction, the alcohol group is oxidized to aldehyde group. The oxidation reaction by NAD+ involves the oxidation of alcohol into aldehyde. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using NAD+ as shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH

Conclusion

The balanced reactions for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH.

In the above reaction, the −CH2−CH2− portion of 1, 2-diethanol is oxidized to −CH=CH−. The oxidation reaction by FAD involves the conversion of −CH2−CH2− into −CH=CH−. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using FAD as shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2

Conclusion

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

HO−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→HO−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

Answer 6

Chapter 22, Problem 22.50E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH.

In the above reaction, the alcohol group is oxidized to aldehyde group. The oxidation reaction by NAD+ involves the oxidation of alcohol into aldehyde. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using NAD+ as shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH

Conclusion

The balanced reactions for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Answer 7

Chapter 22, Problem 22.50E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH.

In the above reaction, the alcohol group is oxidized to aldehyde group. The oxidation reaction by NAD+ involves the oxidation of alcohol into aldehyde. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using NAD+ as shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH

Answer 13

Conclusion

The balanced reactions for OH−CH2−COOH→O=CH−COOH oxidations using NAD+ is shown below.

OH−CH2−COOH+NAD+→O=CH−COOH+NADH.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH.

In the above reaction, the −CH2−CH2− portion of 1, 2-diethanol is oxidized to −CH=CH−. The oxidation reaction by FAD involves the conversion of −CH2−CH2− into −CH=CH−. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using FAD as shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2

Conclusion

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

HO−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→HO−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using NAD+ or FAD is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The full form of NAD+ molecule is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which contains two nucleotides joined together by phosphate groups. It carries the electrons from citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 22.50E

The balanced reaction for OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH oxidations using FAD is shown below.

OH−CH2CH2−OH+FAD→OH−CH=CH−OH+FADH2.

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Explanation of Solution

The oxidation reaction is given as OH−CH2CH2−OH→OH−CH=CH−OH.

In the above reaction, the −CH2−CH2− portion of 1, 2-diethanol is oxidized to −CH=CH−. The oxidation reaction by FAD involves the conversion of −CH2−CH2− into −CH=CH−. Therefore, the oxidation reaction is balanced by using FAD as shown below.