Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960060
Author: Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 22, Problem 22.38E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason as to why phosphoenolpyruvate is a high-energy compound but
Concept introduction:
The molecule which helps in the migration of energy produced during the breakdown of food to the other cells is known as adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecule. ATP contains adenine as nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups.
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Glycerol kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycerol from ATP, yielding glycerol-3-phosphate and ADP. The standard state free energy for hydrolysis of glycerol-3-
phosphate is -9.20 kj/mol and for the hydrolysis of ATP is-30.5 kJ/mol.
Calculate the standard-state free energy change and equilibrium constant for the glycerol kinase reaction at 37 *C.
AG
kj/mol
Keq
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The average adult consumes approximately 11,700 kJ per day. Assuming that the metabolic pathways leading to ATP synthesis operate at 50% thermodynamic efficiency, about 5850 kJ ends up in the form of synthesized ATP.
The average adult consumes approximately 11,700 kJ per day. Assuming that the metabolic pathways leading to ATP synthesis operate at 50% thermodynamic efficiency, about 5850 kJ ends up in the form of synthesized ATP.
Imagine that creatine phosphate, rather than ATP, is the universal energy carrier molecule in the human body. Assume that the cellular concentrations of creatine phosphate, creatine, and phosphate are 21.7 mM, 2.17×10-3 mM, and 6.30 mM, respectively. Calculate the weight of creatine phosphate that would need to be consumed each day by a typical adult human if creatine phosphate could not be recycled. Estimate the free energy of hyrdolysis of creatine phosphate under cellular conditions to determine how many moles are required. Use the standard…
Why are the carbon atoms of fatty acids more reduced than those in proteins or carbohydrates? Please explain.
Chapter 22 Solutions
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Biochemistry
Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.1ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.2ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.3ECh. 22 - List two general functions in the body for each of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.5ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.6ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.7ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.8ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.9ECh. 22 - Identify each of the following vitamins as...
Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.11ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.12ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.13ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.14ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.15ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.16ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.17ECh. 22 - What are the general functions of trace minerals...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.19ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.20ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.21ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.22ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.23ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.24ECh. 22 - What is a metabolic pathway?Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.26ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.27ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.28ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.29ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.30ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.31ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.32ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.33ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.34ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.35ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.36ECh. 22 - Using symbolic formulas such as ADP and PPi, write...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.38ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.39ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.40ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.41ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.42ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.43ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.44ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.45ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.46ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.47ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.48ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.49ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.50ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.51ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.52ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.53ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.54ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.55ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.56ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.57ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.58ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.59ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.60ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.61ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.62ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.63ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.64ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.65ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.66ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.67ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.68ECh. 22 - Which of the following are not a requirement for...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.70ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.71ECh. 22 - Outline the three stages in the extraction of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.73ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.74ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.75ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.76ECh. 22 - Prob. 22.77E
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- In a dietary context, classify each of the following fatty acids as an essential fatty acid or as a nonessential fatty acid. a. Stearic acid (18:0) b. Linolenic acid (18:3) c. Oleic acid (18:1) d. Arachidic acid (20:0)arrow_forwardCompare the protein hormones oxytocin and vasopressin in terms of their biochemical functions.arrow_forwardWhich of the vitamins play an important role in red blood cell development ?arrow_forward
- Glycolysis is the first step in the oxidation of fatty acids to produce energy. True or Falsearrow_forwardDescribeenergy consumed vs released in reactions. Differentiate between endergonic vs exergonic reactions, anabolism vs catabolism, and coupled reactions.arrow_forwardWhich fats are extremely abundant in the brain and nervous system? cholesterol glycogen sphingophospholipids triacylglycerolsarrow_forward
- Why guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is important in cellbioenergetics ?arrow_forwardExcess glucose in the body is stored as none of these options monosaccharides O proteins amino acidsarrow_forward5) The conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in glycolysis has a AG" value of 7.5 kJ/mol, so the reaction should be unfavorable. a) Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction, based on this AG" value and assuming a temperature of 37 °C. b) For this reaction to occur spontaneously in the cell, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) levels are kept low. What is the value of AG if the concentration of GAP is kept at 1/100 that of the DHAP. 6) Energy can be harnessed as electrons move from compounds with low reduction potential to those with a higher reduction potential. This happens many times in the electron transport chain, where O, ultimately accepts the electrons. Using Table 3.6, determine the AG" for the transfer of electrons from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to produce H,0.arrow_forward
- If sugar must be broken down to release energy through cellular respiration, why is ATP needed in the process? Explain.arrow_forwardWhat are the building blocks of fat?arrow_forwardIf an animal has 5.000 kg of palmitoyl-CoA available for fatty acid oxidation, how many kilograms of water could the animal produce from that palmitoyl-CoA? The chemical formula for palmitoyl-CoA is C37H66N7O17P3S.arrow_forward
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