Chapter 22, Problem 22.12P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

A reaction free-energy diagram for acid-catalyzed enol formation using the mechanism in Eq.22.17b is to be sketched.

Concept Introduction:

Conversion of ketone group into enol group is known as enolization reaction. Keto to enol conversion can be done by two types either using a base or using an acid. In the acid catalyzed enolization, conjugate acid of carbonyl compound is formed.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

A reaction free-energy diagram for the acid catalyzed halogenation of aldehyde or ketone is to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Halogenation reaction of aldehyde or ketone is done either in acidic or in basic aqueous medium. The halogenation takes place at the $\alpha$ position of aldehyde or ketone. In the halogenation reaction of ketone, first keto group gets converted into enol. Then, halogen gets added to the enol structure to form intermediate which after elimination of $\text{HX}$ forms haloketone.